Part:BBa_K1949100

Plac-rbs-mazE

We designed parts(BBa_K1949100, BBa_K1949101, BBa_K1949102, BBa_K1949103, BBa_K1949104) to characterize mazE(BBa_K1096001) and mazF(BBa_K1096002).

Characterize

We performed experiment to work our final genetic circuits and characterized mazE and mazF.

This experiment consists of the four parts below.

Ⅰ.Adjustment of mazF Expression

Ⅱ.mazEF System Assay ~Stop & GO~

Ⅲ.mazEF System Assay ~Go & Stop~

Ⅳ.mazEF System Assay on the LB Agar Plate (Queen's Caprice)

Ⅰ.Adjustment of mazF Expression

In order to control cell growth as we desire using the mazEF system, it is necessary to adjust the expression level of mazF. It has been reported that MazF has very strong ability to inhibit cell growth and that mazE expression can not recover it when mazF is expressed at high level[1]. Therefore, we here explored the relationship between concentration of the expression inducer for mazF (arabinose in this experiment) and expression level of it; such information is important for operating our final genetic circuits properly.
We constructed

E. coli A: Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli B: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3).

result

It was found that cell growth of E. coli B was inhibited under arabinose (inducer for mazF) concentrations of over 0.02% (Fig. 1). Interestingly, at arabinose concentration of 0.2%, GFP fluorescence intensity fell markedly, regardless of mazF expression, suggesting that high arabinose concentrations may inhibit gfp expression or prevent GFP from exerting fluorescence. Taken together, it is concluded that the concentration of arabinose should be 0.02%.

Fig. 1 Relative value of turbidity, RFU of GFP and RFU of GFP / turbidity. E. coli A and E. coli B were cultured in the presence of indicated amounts of arabinose, and turbidity (upper graph), RFU of GFP (middle graph), and RFU / turbidity (lower graph) were measured. Also, the same cells were cultured in the absence of arabinose, and measurements were performed similarly as above. The ratio of the former values to the latter values were calculated.

Ⅱ.mazEF System Assay ~Stop & GO~

The most attractive feature of the mazEF system is that cytotoxity of a toxin protein (MazF) is determined by the stoichiometric ratio of a toxin protein to a corresponding antitoxin protein (MazE) in cells. The story of Snow White involves sleep and resuscitate from sleep, and thus, we think that this feature is useful for our project.
We constructed

E. coli C: PBAD - rbs (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli A: Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli D: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs - mazE (pSB3K3)

E. coli B: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3).

result

As shown in Fig. 2, when the mazE expression was induced 2 h after the mazF expression, cell growth resumed gradually. Similarly, the RFU of GFP also increased mazF expression, and about 8 h later, cell growth resumed. Similarly, the RFU of GFP was also resumed. Before starting the experiments, we anticipated that recovery from the growth inhibition by mazF would be observed immediately after the induction of mazE expression. However, it took 8 h for us to observe the recovery. The reason is unclear, but the prior expression of mazF might damage the cells and it might take time to repair. Alternatively, the mazF expression might lead cells to the dormant state from which cells can hardly escape. We assume that this feature is advantageous for our Snow White project, because we can prolong the sleeping time of Snow White and take sufficient time for Prince to find Snow White. As a conclusion, the “Stop and Go” experiment was successful.

Fig. 2. Time vs Turbidity (left), Time vs RFU of GFP (right)

Ⅲ.mazEF System Assay ~Go & Stop~

In experimentⅡ, a toxin inhibits cell growth, and an antitoxin resuscitates it. However, what will happen when a toxin is expressed after the constitutive expression of antitoxin? Therefore, in the experiments of this section, we conducted a reciprocal experiment and named this experiment "Go & Stop".
We constructed

E. coli C: PBAD - rbs (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli A: Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli G: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Pcon - rbs(weak) - mazE (pSB3K3)

E. coli F: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), Pcon - rbs - mazE (pSB3K3)

E. coli E: PBAD - rbs - mazF - tt - Pcon - rbs - gfp (pSB6A1), vector (pSB3K3).

result

Turbidity of E. coli G stopped earlier than that of E. coli F (Fig. 3), indicating that cellular mazE amount over MazF amount affects cytotoxity of MazF. In other words, the cytotoxity of MazF is determined stoichiometrically. Similarly, final RFU of E. coli G was lower than that of E. coli F. From the results of ExperimentⅠ and ExperimentⅡ, it is expected that mazEF can repeatedly control cell growth.

Fig. 3. Time vs Turbidity (left), Time vs RFU of GFP (right)

Calculation of the change of RFU of GFP / Turbidity per unit time (translation efficiency) indicates that the expression level of mazE correlated with the translation efficiency(Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Translation efficiency of each E. coli.

Ⅳ.mazEF System Assay on the LB Agar Plate(Queen's Caprice)

The control of cell growth by the mazEF system has been shown until the previous sections. In this section, we analyzed whether the “stop & go” experiment can be repeated many times. It seemed like that dormancy of Snow White was controled by Queen, we named this experiment "Queen's caprice".
We constructed

E. coli i: PBAD - rbs (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3)

E. coli D: PBAD - rbs - mazF (pSB6A1), Plac - rbs - mazE (pSB3K3)

E. coli H: PBAD - rbs - mazF(pSB6A1), Plac - rbs (pSB3K3).

result

From the result, it was clarified that growth of E. coli cells was repeatedly controlled by expression of mazE (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). We believe that the repeated control of cell growth is very useful for the future biotechnology; see http://2016.igem.org/Team:Tokyo_Tech/Human_Practices.

Fig. 5. Control of colonization by mazEF system on the LB Agar Plate Ⅰ

Fig. 6. Control of colonization by mazEF system on the LB Agar Plate Ⅱ

reference

[1] Hazan, R., B. Sat, and H. Engelberg-Kulka. E. coli mazEF mediated cell death is triggered by various stressful conditions. J. Bacteriol. 2004 Dec;186(24):8295-8300.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]

  Illegal BamHI site found at 273
  
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]