Part:BBa_K1954005

Superoxide Dismutase 3

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]

  Illegal BglII site found at 131
  Illegal BamHI site found at 101
  
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]

  Illegal NgoMIV site found at 481
  Illegal NgoMIV site found at 605
  
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Usage and Biology

Naturally, antioxidants break down harmful ROS (reactive oxidative species) into less harmful substances like h202. It’s been found that in imbalance in the amount of ROS and antioxidants leads to the damage of a cell therefore leading molecular ageing of a cell. An imbalance between generation of ROS and antioxidant defences leads to oxidative stress in which cell antioxidants are at an insufficient level to keep ROS below a toxic threshold [1]

Superoxidise dismutase (SOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen and is present inside and outside the cell membrane.

SOD enzyme’s catalyses the reaction O-2 + O-2 + 2H+ → H2O2 + O2.

There are three types of SOD enzymes:

• SOD1 (Soluble - CuZnSOD) – Involved in removing oxidative stress causing ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic heart disease.

• SOD2 (Mitochondrial - MnSOD) - SOD2 clears mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS).

• SOD3 (Extracellular - ECSOD) - protect the brain, lungs, and other tissues from oxidative stress.

SOD3 is found in the extracellular matrix of tissues and is ideally situated to prevent cell and tissue damage initiated by extracellularly produced ROS. It is also the primary extracellular antioxidant enzyme found in the lungs and protects the extracellular matrix during lung injury. It’s been found that mutations in the SOD3 protein is associated with reduced lung function in adults and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because of their anatomy, location and function, the lungs are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. One study also showed that SOD3 levels decreased as the mice aged in the lungs. ROS accumulate as we age, therefore the overexpression of SOD is one potential way to decrease the levels free radicals that accumulate.