Part:BBa_K1825008

Stilbene synthase

This part codes for Stilbene synthase, the last enzyme in the resveratrol pathway, similarly to BBa_K1033002. However, this sequence is different and was available at the time our project started. Thus we used it for our experiments. Resveratrol is a phenolic compound found in grapes (Vitis vinifera) that is believed to have wide range of health benefits in mammals. Resveratrol exists as both cis- and trans-isomers, but only the trans-isomer has been found in grapes⁠. Resveratrol is produced with intermediates from the phenylpropanoid pathway and is derived from p-coumaric acid which is an intermediate in lignin production. The two key enzymes are Coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (4CL) and stilbene synthase (STS).

Resveratrol pathway

We have used this gene as a part of larger DNA construct that we have transformed into moss Physcomitrella patens. P. patens has been shown to produce enzymes similar to 4CL. These enzymes from the Pp4CL family (P. patens) have been shown to have similar function as enzymes from the 4CL family of higher plants. This means that P. Patens only lack the production of STS to produce resveratrol.

The DNA construct we made contained in the following order. A homologous region to the 108 locus on the moss genome (to ensure stable integration into P. patens genome), a nptII-resistance cassette, the Zea mays ubiquitin promoter driving the stilbene synthase gene (STS) linked to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) with the LP4 linker sequence, terminator and lastly another 108 region.

Gene construct with STS gene

A few days after transforming this gene construct into P. patens protoplasts we observed YFP expression in several moss protoplasts. This confirms that our transformation was successful and highly suggests that the STS enzyme is expressed.

Transformed P. patens. A) Transformed moss protoplast one a few days after transformation. Scale bar: 0.05 mm B) Wild type moss Scale bar: 0.5 mm. 1) UV filter 350/50 excitation and 420 emission. 2) GFP2 filter with 480/40 excitation and 510 emission. 3) YFP filter with 500/20 excitation and 535/30 emission.

The moss protoplasts transformed with the STS-construct were left to grow for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks the protoplasts had grown into small moss clumps. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was then used for the purpose of detecting resveratrol. 100% methanol was used for extraction and both WT moss as a negative control and transformed moss was extracted. Pure resveratrol dissolved in 100% methanol was used as a postive standard. However, the LC-MS machine was not able to detect resveratrol in the transformed moss. This suggests that resveratrol is not produced in the transformed moss. It may also be that the amounts of resveratrol was simply to small to be detected or that the amount of moss sample was too small.

On top a graph showing peak intensity versus time. A big peak corresponding to 227,1 g/mol is present for the pure resveratrol sample (green line). No such peak is present for WT or transformed STS moss samples (red, purple lines).

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]