Part:BBa_K1189031

TALE-A linked to beta-lactamase with a his tag under a lacI promoter

Further characterization of beta lactamase

Contribution of UiOslo Norway 2016

Summary:Used this part in an beta lactamase inhibitor assay

Objective

UiOslo Norway has taken advantage of the comprehensive Biobrick iGEM library. To calibrate our diagnostic test we wanted to use a pure and safe positive controll. By searching in the iGEM registry we found a suitable biobrick for our purposes. This part is registered as BBa_K1189031, it was not originally in the iGEM distribution kit so the team had it ordered online. The His tag couplet β - lactamase was suitable for protein purification and by following the Calgary iGEM team 2013 protocol the purification was successful. This allowed us to generate a large scale pure positive control without using bacteria as the control.

Methods

To test if the part really worked we did an overnight culture of the glycerol stock that was shipped from iGEM HQ. - 4mL of LB medium was added to a small tube. For the overnight culture 1:1000 dilution of chloramphenicol was added to the solution. And IPTG of a final concentration of 1mM was added. - A pipette tip was used to transfer some bacteria from the glycerol stock to the LB medium tube. - The tube was then placed in 37C incubator overnight. - After 16-18h the culture was plated out on agar plates containing ampicillin (to check for β - lactamase activity) and chloramphenicol (check the presence of the plasmid pSB1C3). - The plates were incubated at 37C overnight and grew colonies successfully.

Figure 1: Agar plate with both Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol was used to check if the biobrick worked. Here an overnight culture is plated out with the blue tip along the agar plate. After a couple of min of drying the plate is placed upside down in the incubator with 37 C, and is left there for 16-18h (overnight). All work here with bacteria was done in the biosafety cabinet in our lab.

Colonies managed to grow on the plate containing both Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol which confirms the presence of β - lactamase as well as the plasmid pSB1C3.

Transformation and protein expression: - To start off the protein expression and purification, the DNA from part was transformed into competent E. Coli cells that was more suitable for protein purification. - Transformed bacteria was cultured overnight (1L) for ~12h, then IPTG (final concentration 0.1mM) was added to the flask at OD=0.6 and left for some more incubation.

Results

Graph 1: Displays our results using the biobrick BBa_K1189031. We measured the absorbance at 468nm generated by cleavage of Nitrocefin by BBa_K1189031 β – lactamase . When the beta lactam ring in Nitrocefin is cleaved it generates a colour change from yellow to red. This change can be visible by eye but also easily measured on a spectrophotometer. In the experiment we investigated the cut-off value of the amount of β – lactamase needed to observe a change in absorbance. The orange line is 10x diluted protein in a solution with a β – lactamase class A inhibitor, in this reaction the cleavage of the β – lactam ring in Nitrocefin was inhibited.

The cut – off value was set to 1000x dilution. The solution of 10 000x dilution would also give a proper change in absorbance but as one can observe on the graph it will take more than 35min. Thus to fit our project, we set the cut - off value to be 10 000x diluted purified protein. The stock concentration of our purified β – lactamase is 31ug/mL. For a more detailed protocol and description see our wiki webpage.

Graph 2: Displays the different protein dilutions with β – lactamase solution containing inhibitor of class A β – lactamases. The reaction is clearly inhibited by the class A inhibitor which indicate that the BBa_K1189031 biobrick is a class A β -lactamase.The UiOslo team have contributed to characterize this part further by purify the protein and investigate its activity with several beta lactamase inhibitors.

For information on TALEA refer to BBa_K1189022.

This part was built to function as both our detector (TALE A) and our reporter (beta-lactamase). The part was built with the lacI IPTG inducible promoter J04500, with RBS, and it has a His-tag for protein purification.

UNIQ57c87a808580b142-partinfo-00000003-QINU

TALE A was inspired by the award winning TALE A from the award winning 2012 Slovenian iGEM project. The iGEM Calgary 2013 used this TALE and its associated DNA binding sequence to build a proof of concept TALE based DNA detector. In the case of BBa_K1189031, the Calgary team used beta-lactamase as a reporter enzyme to indicate when the TALE is bound to DNA.

YYC_2013_PlacI_%2B_His_%2B_TALE_%2B_Blac.jpg

Applications of BBa_K1189031

**Figure 1.** Absorbance values at 600nm for each tube at four different time points: 0, 30, 60 and 120min. The cultures that expressed beta-lactamase ( **BBa_K1189007** ) showed higher absorbance levels, showing that the cells were able to grow in the presence of ampicillin.

**Figure 2.** On the left crude lysate of beta-lactamase + His ( **BBa_K1189007** ) from different lysis protocols: a **mechanical** and with **sucrose** , respectively. On the right, western blot of **TALE A** -linker-beta-lactamase ( **BBa_K1189031** ) showing that we were able to express and purify our construct.

**Figure 3.** Absorbance values at 600nm after 24h. Amounts from 0.1µg to 20µg of TALE A-link-Beta-lactamase ( **BBa_K1189031** ) were sufficient to degrade the ampicillin in the media allowing bacteria susceptible to ampicillin to grow.

**Figure 4.** Absorbance values at 600nm in different time points. Amounts from 1.0µg to 10µg of TALE A-link-Beta-lactamase ( **BBa_K1189031** ) were sufficient to degrade the ampicillin in the media allowing bacteria susceptible to ampicillin to grow.

**Figure 5.** Benzylpenicillin assay. On the top, the wells only had **TALE A** -linker-beta-lactamase ( **BBa_K1189031** ). Benzylpenicillin was added and after a 10-minute incubation at room temperature, we were able to observe a colour output from red to yellow (bottom row) while the control wells remained red.

Additionally, we have demonstrated the same pH change of benzylpenicillin to penicillinoic acid by the TALE A β-lactamase fusion (BBa_K1189031) with bromothymol blue. The pH change causes the bromothymol blue to change in colour from blue to yellow as it gets more acidic (Figure 11 & 12). In the presence of TALE A β-lactamase fusion we see the colour change to yellow whereas the negatives not containing TALE A β-lactamase fusion remains blue (Figure 11). We did a kinetic analysis at 616 nm every 30 seconds and as the blue colour disappears, the absorbance at 616 nm decreases (Figure 12). Therefore, the lower the decrease the better the TALE A β-lactamase fusion reporter activity. Our kinetic activity shows that the biggest decrease is in our positive recombinant β-lactamase followed by the TALE A β-lactamase fusion at 10 micrograms. This decrease is lessened as we decrease the amount of TALE A β-lactamase fusion. We can also show that in our negatives with no TALE A β-lactamase fusion we do not have a decrease in absorbance. We have demonstrated the reporter activity both qualitatively (Figure 10 & 11) and quantitatively (Figure 12).

Beta-lactamase Visual Assay — **Figure 11.**Change in pH catalyzed by TALE A linked to β-lactamase (BBa_K1189031) using benzylpenicillin. Bromothymol blue was used to keep track of this colour change. Absorbance readings were taken at 616 nm every 30 seconds. Different amounts of TALE A linked to β-lactamase (BBa_K1189031) were tested. Commercial β-lactamase was used as a positive control. Negative controls included were bovine serum albumin, β-lactamase without the substrate and the substrate by itself.

Beta-lactamase Catalytic Assay — **Figure 12.**Change in pH catalyzed by TALE A linked to β-lactamase (BBa_K1189031) using benzylpenicillin. Bromothymol blue was used to keep track of this colour change. Absorbance readings were taken at 616 nm every 30 seconds. Different amounts of TALE A linked to β-lactamase (BBa_K1189031) were tested. Commercial β-lactamase was used as a positive control. Negative controls included were bovine serum albumin, β-lactamase without the substrate and the substrate by itself.

In order to demonstrate that we can successfully capture target DNA with two TALEs we did a capture TALE assay. TALE B was incubated with DNA containing target sites for TALE A and TALE B and blotted on nitrocellulose. After blocking and washing, TALE A β-lactamase fusion (BBa_K1189031) was added to the nitrocellulose strips. The strips were transferred into a 96 well plate to which a benzylpenicillin substrate solution with phenol red was added. If the TALE A β-lactamase fusion bound to the target site for TALE A then the solution will change colour from pink to clear. If TALE A β-lactamase fusion was not present, the solution will remain pink. We can show that the first four samples which have TALE B with DNA for TALE A and TALE B show a colour change indicating that we are successfully capturing the target DNA and reporting it. Furthermore we can also show that when we add non-specific DNA we do not see a colour change demonstrating that we can successfully capture only specific DNA and report its presence with an easy visual colourimetric output.

TALE DNA Capture Assay — **Figure 6:** TALE capture assay was done with TALE B ( **BBa_K1189001** )and TALE A B-lac fusion ( **BBa_K1189031** ) and DNA ( **BBa_K1189006** ) with both target sequences. If capture is successful, the B-lac is present in the well giving a colour change from pink to yellow when subjected to benzylpenicillin substrate solution within 20 minutes. The only wells that change colour are the first four wells which contain TALE B, specific DNA, and TALE A B-lac fusion and our positive control wells which are the controls for our fusion TALE A B-lac protein and our positive recombinant b-lac. All our other controls including our test using a non-specific sequence of DNA remained pink . This preliminary characterization data demonstrates that the TALEs are able to bind to DNA with specificity. Additionally it also shows that our system of capturing DNA with two detector TALEs and then subsequent reporting of the DNA’s presence works.

This assay shows that we can capture our target DNA with two detector TALEs with specificity . Additionally, we can report whether that DNA has been captured and is present in the sample, which is a very important concept for our sensor system.

To conclude, we have demonstrated that we can build, express, and purify this part. This biobrick has also been characterized to show both its ability to be a good reporter and its ability to be able to bind to DNA with specificity.

To further see if the TALE capture assay works (figure 7). In order to do this, we blotted TALEB fused to a K coil (BBa_K1189030) on a nitrocellulose strip. Subsequently the strips were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBST buffer. The strips were then washed and soaked in a solution containing [A] and [B] on the same plasmid(BBa_K1189006). The strips were then washed again with TALE binding buffer and soaked in a solution containing TALEA+β-lac (BBa_K1189031). Then a dot blot was done on the strips with β-lactamase primary antibody and an hrp conjugated secondary antibody. This assay demonstrated that the TALEs can capture DNA.

**Figure 7.** Figure on the left: For the dual TALE lanes TALEB fused to a K coil (BBa_K1189030) was blotted on a nitrocellulose strip. Subsequently the strips were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBST buffer. The strips were then washed and soaked in a solution containing [A] and [B] on the same plasmid(BBa_K1189006). The strips were then washed again with TALE binding buffer and soaked in a solution containing TALEA+β-lac (BBa_K1189031). Then a blot dot was done on the strips with β-lactamase primary antibody and an hrp conjugated secondary antibody. In negative 1 the strip was not soaked in the DNA solution. In Negative 2, the strip was not soaked in TALEA+β-lac solution. For positive controls, TALEA+βlac was blotted on the strip at the beginning instead of TALEB+K coil. The figure on the right shows the result of the densitometery we performed on the dot blot assay.