Part:BBa_K5184021
rCtx-4
In order to eliminate spider mites, the spider venom peptide rCtx-4 is incorporated in our project to broaden the spectrum of molecular targets other venom peptides target. rCtx-4 is a neurotoxin obtained from the ctenid spider Phoneutria depilata, naturally employed to incapacitate their prey. Having the voltage-gated sodium channels playing a vital role in neuronal, muscular and cardiac functions, targets experience fast immobilization after envenomation, thus it serves as an effective pesticide. Due to the cysteine-rich nature of rCtx-4, expression strategy that exterminates inclusion bodies is required, thus a G1M5 secretion system is engineered with the SVP to achieve this. Considering future pesticidal control, G1M5-rCtx-4-his can provide future iGEM teams that dedicate in exterminating other destructive pests more choices of sustainable pesticide that could be expressed correctly in Escherichia coli.
Sequences
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
- 1000COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
Usage and Biology
rCtx-4 is a small cysteine-rich venom peptide derived from Phoneutria depilate, first identified in [1], it consists of 53 amino acids, including 10 Cys residues that form 5 disulfide bonds. It has a cysteine network of C1xxxC2xxxC3xC4C5xxxC6xC7xxxC8xC9xxxC10, with disulfide bridges between C1C5, C2C6, C3C10, C4C9, and C7C8 [Fig1 A&B]. In addition to the covalent disulfide bridges, there is also a pair of beta strands that run antiparallel to each other, allowing hydrogen bonds between each other and, together with the disulfide bonds, folds the protein into a highly compact conformation.
Such a compact conformation gives rise to an inhibitor-cysteine-knot (ICK) structure between C6 and C5, allowing the venom peptide to have inhibitory effects on its molecular target: voltage-gated sodium ion channels, and to have a highly stable structure.
Toxicity Verification
Current VP | Venom Name | Targeted Ion Channel | New? | Part Number | Original Specie |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PpVP2S | Ca | New | BBa_K5184043 | Phytoseiulus persimilis | |
PpVP1S | Ca | New | BBa_K5184042 | Phytoseiulus persimilis | |
PpVP1F | Ca | New | BBa_K5184038 | Phytoseiulus persimilis | |
✳️ | rCtx4 | Na | BBa_K5184021 | Phoneutria depilata | |
Cs1A | Ca | BBa_K5184032 | Calommata signata | ||
HxTx-Hv1h | Ca, K | BBa_K5184033 | Hadronyche versuta |
References
[1]: Vásquez-Escobar, J.; Benjumea-Gutiérrez, D.M.; Lopera, C.; Clement, H.C.; Bolaños, D.I.; Higuita-Castro, J.L.; Corzo, G.A.; Corrales-Garcia, L.L. Heterologous Expression of an Insecticidal Peptide Obtained from the Transcriptome of the Colombian Spider Phoneutria depilate. Toxins 2023, 15, 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070436
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