Protein_Domain

Part:BBa_K3582000

Designed by: Saillesh Aravindhan C   Group: iGEM20_IISER-Pune-India   (2020-10-20)
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ICAM-1


ICAM-1 is an endothelial- and leukocyte-associated transmembrane protein that has important functions in stabilizing cell-cell interactions and facilitating leukocyte endothelial transmigration. ICAM-1 has also been characterized as a site for the cellular entry of human rhinovirus. [1]

The ICAM-1 gene encodes proteins that are involved in intercellular adhesion and are continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells. Upon cytokine stimulation, these concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is expressed by a variety of cells such as the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 is also a ligand for the integrin based LFA-1 which is found in leukocytes. When activated, the leukocytes bind to endothelial cells via ICAM-1/LFA-1 and then transmigrate into tissues. [2][3]

ICAM-1 consists of five Ig-like domains (D1 to D5) a short transmembrane region and a small carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The PfEMP1 binds to the D1 domain of ICAM-1[4].

ICAM-1 is known to have many other functions such as: It acts as a receptor for major receptor group rhinovirus A-B capsid proteins. It acts as a receptor for Coxsackievirus A21 capsid proteins. [5]


Figure 1.Structure of the ICAM protein visualized using Chimera

References

  • [1] Abraham G, Colonno RJ (Aug 1984). "Many rhinovirus serotypes share the same cellular receptor". Journal of Virology. 51 (2): 340–45. doi:10.1128/JVI.51.2.340-345.1984. PMC 254443. PMID 6086949.
  • [2] Rothlein R, Dustin ML, Marlin SD, Springer TA (August 1986). "A human intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) distinct from LFA-1". Journal of Immunology. 137 (4): 1270–4. PMID 3525675.
  • [3]Yang L, Froio RM, Sciuto TE, Dvorak AM, Alon R, Luscinskas FW (July 2005). "ICAM-1 regulates neutrophil adhesion and transcellular migration of TNF-alpha-activated vascular endothelium underflow". Blood. 106 (2): 584–92. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4942. PMC 1635241. PMID 15811956
  • [4] Staunton DE, Marlin SD, Stratowa C, Dustin ML, Springer TA. Primary structure of ICAM-1 demonstrates interaction between members of the immunoglobulin and integrin supergene families. Cell. 1988;52:925–933.
  • [5]https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05362
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