Protein_Domain

Part:BBa_K3582000

Designed by: Saillesh Aravindhan C   Group: iGEM20_IISER-Pune-India   (2020-10-20)
Revision as of 14:39, 20 October 2020 by Sailleshac (Talk | contribs)

ICAM-1 is an endothelial- and leukocyte-associated transmembrane protein that has important functions in stabilizing cell-cell interactions and facilitating leukocyte endothelial transmigration. ICAM-1 has also been characterized as a site for the cellular entry of human rhinovirus. [1]

The ICAM-1 gene encodes proteins that are involved in intercellular adhesion and are continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells. Upon cytokine stimulation, these concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is expressed by a variety of cells such as the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 is also a ligand for the integrin based LFA-1 which is found in leukocytes. When activated, the leukocytes bind to endothelial cells via ICAM-1/LFA-1 and then transmigrate into tissues. [2][3]

ICAM-1 consists of five Ig-like domains (D1 to D5) a short transmembrane region and a small carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The PfEMP1 binds to the D1 domain of ICAM-1[4].

ICAM-1 is known to have many other functions such as: It acts as a receptor for major receptor group rhinovirus A-B capsid proteins. It acts as a receptor for Coxsackievirus A21 capsid proteins. [5]

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