![](https://parts.igem.org/images/partbypart/icon_composite.png)
Part:BBa_K2664008
Complete chlorophyll expression pathway
Complete chlorophyll expression pathway
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]Unknown
- 21INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]Unknown
- 23INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]Unknown
- 25INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]Illegal NgoMIV site found at 3031
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 3850
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 4392
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 5138
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 6804
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 12155
Illegal AgeI site found at 5784
Illegal AgeI site found at 7302
Illegal AgeI site found at 7356
Illegal AgeI site found at 7575 - 1000INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]Unknown
Overview
This series of genes derived from the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been brought together to express the complete chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. In 2018 Team Macquarie Australia has made rearrangements in existing parts of the pathway, introduced new genes and swapped lac with the trc promoter. The parts have been assembled to allow for gradual transition from Protoporphyrin IX to Chlorophyll and we are confident that our improved plasmid will be more efficient at producing chlorophyll, than its previous versions.
Biology & Literature
The chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway could be divided in three major reactions:
1. Magnesium chelation to protoporphyrin IX give rise to Mg-Protoporphyrin IX
2. Conversion of Mg-Protoporphyrin IX to Protochlorophyllide
3. Final reaction from Protochlorophyllide to Chlorophyll-a
The first reaction involves the genes ChlI1, ChlI2, ChlD, ChlH and GUN4. To begin with, ChlI1 and ChlI2 form the initial Mg-chelatase complex (Magnesium chelatase subunit I). This complex catalyses the insertion of a magnesium ion into protoporphyrin IX to yield Mg-protoporphyrin IX. This happens through the formation of two different complexes, an ATP dependent hexameric ring complex and a complex with the chlD subunit.
Assembly and Design
![HydrogenProduction](https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/c/c2/Ligation_plan.png)
Figure 1. Graphic representation of the designing process for assembling the complete chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in E. coli. The process was completed using standard assembly.
Part Verification
Figure 2. Agarose gel electrophoresis (0.5% agarose) with GelRed (2 μl/100 ml) showing single (E) and double (E+P) digests of the complete plasmid for Chlorophyll a biosynthesis pathway (18352bp). The 1kb gene ruler plus was loaded in Lane 1 for size reference.
Protein Information
ChlI1
Mass: 39.95 kDa
Sequence:
MAATEVKAAE GRTEKELGQA RPIFPFTAIV GQDEMKLALI LNVIDPKIGG VMIMGDRGTG KSTTIRALAD LLPEMQVVAN DPFNSDPTDP ELMSEEVRNR
VKAGEQLPVS SKKIPMVDLP LGATEDRVCG TIDIEKALTE GVKAFEPGLL AKANRGILYV DEVNLLDDHL VDVLLDSAAS GWNTVEREGI SISHPARFIL
VGSGNPEEGE LRPQLLDRFG MHAQIGTVKD PRLRVQIVSQ RSTFDENPAA FRKDYEAGQM ALTQRIVDAR KLLKQGEVNY DFRVKISQIC SDLNVDGIRG
DIVTNRAAKA LAAFEGRTEV TPEDIYRVIP LCLRHRLRKD PLAEIDDGDR VREIFKQVFG ME
ChlI2
Mass: 39.56 kDa
Sequence:
MPSTKAAKKP NFPFVKIQGQ EEMKLALLLN VVDPNIGGVL IMGDRGTAKS VAVRALVDML PDIDVVEGDA FNSSPTDPKF MGPDTLQRFR NGEKLPTVRM RTPLVELPLG ATEDRICGTI DIEKALTQGI KAYEPGLLAK ANRGILYVDE VNLLDDGLVD VVLDSSASGL NTVEREGVSI VHPARFIMIG SGNPQEGELR PQLLDRFGMS VNVATLQDTK QRTQLVLDRL AYEADPDAFV DSCKAEQTAL TDKLEAARQR LRSVKISEEL QILISDICSR LDVDGLRGDI VINRAAKALV AFEGRTEVTT NDVERVISGC LNHRLRKDPL DPIDNGTKVA ILFKRMTDPE IMKREEEAKK
ChlD
Mass: 63.84 kDa
Sequence:
MRAMKVSEED SKGFDADVST RLARSYPLAA VVGQDNIKQA LLLGAVDTGL GGIAIAGRRG TAKSIMARGL HALLPPIEVV EGSICNADPE DPRSWEAGLA EKYAGGPVKT KMRSAPFVQI DGVNVVEREG ISISHPCRPL LIATYNPEEG PLREHLLDRI AIGLSADVPS TSDERVKAID AAIRFQDKPQ DTIDDTAELT DALRTSVILA REYLKDVTIA PEQVTYIVEE ARRGGVQGHR AELYAVKCAK ACAALEGRER VNKDDLRQAV QLVILPRATI LDQPPPEQEQ PPPPPPPPPP PPPQDQMEDE DQEEKEDEKE EEEKENEDQD EPEIPQEFMF ESEGVIMDPS ILMFAQQQQR AQGRSGRAKT LIFSDDRGRY IKPMLPKGDK VKRLAVDATL RAAAPYQKIR RQQAISEGKV QRKVYVDKPD MRSKKLARKA GALVIFVVDA SGSMALNRMS AAKGACMRLL AESYTSRDQV VMMVLITDGR ANVSLAKSNE DPEALKPDAP KPTADSLKDE VRDMAKKAAS AGINVLVIDT ENKFVSTGFA EEISKAAQGK YYYLPNASDA AIAAAASGAM AAAKGGY
ChlH
Mass:144.14 kDa
Sequence:
MCNVATGPRP PMTTFTGGNK GPAKQQVSLD LRDDGAGMFT STSPEMRRVV PDDVKGRVKV KVVYVVLEAQ YQSAISAAVK NINAKNSKVC FEVVGYLLEE LRDQKNLDML KEDVASANIF IGSLIFIEEL AEKIVEAVSP LREKLDACLI FPSMPAVMKL NKLGTFSMAQ LGQSKSVFSE FIKSARKNND NFEEGLLKLV RTLPKVLKYL PSDKAQDAKN FVNSLQYWLG GNSDNLENLL LNTVSNYVPA LKGVDFSVAE PTAYPDVGIW HPLASGMYED LKEYLNWYDT RKDMVFAKDA PVIGLVLQRS HLVTGDEGHY SGVVAELESR GAKVIPVFAG GLDFSAPVKK FFYDPLGSGR TFVDTVVSLT GFALVGGPAR QDAPKAIEAL KNLNVPYLVS LPLVFQTTEE WLDSELGVHP VQVALQVALP ELDGAMEPIV FAGRDSNTGK SHSLPDRIAS LCARAVNWAN LRKKRNAEKK LAVTVFSFPP DKGNVGTAAY LNVFGSIYRV LKNLQREGYD VGALPPSEED LIQSVLTQKE AKFNSTDLHI AYKMKVDEYQ KLCPYAEALE ENWGKPPGTL NTNGQELLVY GRQYGNVFIG VQPTFGYEGD PMRLLFSKSA SPHHGFAAYY TFLEKIFKAD AVLHFGTHGS LEFMPGKQVG MSGVCYPDSL IGTIPNLYYY AANNPSEATI AKRRSYANTI SYLTPPAENA GLYKGLKELK ELISSYQGMR ESGRAEQICA TIIETAKLCN LDRDVTLPDA DAKDLTMDMR DSVVGQVYRK LMEIESRLLP CGLHVVGCPP TAEEAVATLV NIAELDRPDN NPPIKGMPGI LARAIGRDIE SIYSGNNKGV LADVDQLQRI TEASRTCVRE FVKDRTGLNG RIGTNWITNL LKFTGFYVDP WVRGLQNGEF ASANREELIT LFNYLEFCLT QVVKDNELGA LVEALNGQYV EPGPGGDPIR NPNVLPTGKN IHALDPQSIP TQAALKSARL VVDRLLDRER DNNGGKYPET IALVLWGTDN IKTYGESLAQ VMMMVGVKPV ADALGRVNKL EVIPLEELGR PRVDVVVNCS GVFRDLFVNQ AVENSSWSDE SQLQEMYLKR KSYAFNSDRP GAGGEMQRDV FETAMKTVDV TFQNLDSSEI SLTDVSHYFD SDPTKLVASL RNDGRTPNAY IADTTTANAQ VRTLGETVRL DARTKLLNPK WYEGMLASGY EGVREIQKRM TNTMGWSATS GMVDNWVYDE ANSTFIEDAA MAERLMNTNP NSFRKLVATF LEANGRGYWD AKPEQLERLR QLYMDVEDKI EGVE
GUN4
Mass: 24.36 kDa
Sequence:
MAMRVTVAAG KLDSVSLFGG DTASLMGGSQ TVEKKKSGKE AVMEVQLSST AGIDYTVLRD HLANGEFREA EDETRALLIK LAGPEAVKRN WVYFTEVKNI SVTDFQTLDN LWKASSNNKF GYSVQKEIWV QNQKRWPKFF KQIDWTQGEN NNYRKWPMEF IYSMDAPRGH LPLTNALRGT QLFQAIMEHP AFEKSSTAKT LDQKAAEAAG RTQSLF
CTH1
Mass: 43.87 kDa
Sequence:
MVAATAAPQE VEGFKVMRDG IKVASDETLL TPRFYTTDFD EMERLFSLEL NKNMDMEEFE
AMLNEFKLDY NQRHFVRNET FKEAAEKIQG PTRKIFIEFL ERSCTAEFSG FLLYKELGRR
LKATNPVVAE IFTLMSRDEA RHAGFLNKAM SDFNLALDLG FLTKNRKYTF FKPKFIFYAT
YLSEKIGYWR YISIYRHLQR NPDNQLYPLF EYFENWCQDE NRHGDFFTAV LKARPEMVND
WAAKLWSRFF CLSVYITMYL NDHQRDAFYS SLGLNTTQFN QHVIIETNKS TERIFPAVPD
VENPEFFRRM DLLVKYNAQL VNIGSMNLPS PIKAIMKAPI LERMVAEVFQ VFIMTPKESG
SYDLDANKTA LVY
YCF54
Mass: 17.07 kDa
Sequence:
MAPAAASADK ATAAEYYALV CNAEWFFMDP QNESVAEQLR EKVRFFKEQN KERDFFIVPN
PKWLDAKFPE QAKQVKRPCV ALVSTDKMWI TFMKLRLDRV LKIDLKSMPA SEVLAAGEAL
PDFKPDGKWT APYARYTPGW WNVFLPNH
ChlM
Mass: 30.44 kDa
Sequence:
MASEIAQTAD VGSLTFAVGG VGAVVGLGAL LVATDHQKRR SEQMKSFDGD EKEAVKDYFN
TAGFERWRKI YGETDEVNKV QLDIRTGHAQ TVDKVLRWVD EEGSVQGITV ADCGCGTGSL
AIQLALRGAA VSASDISAAM ASEAEQRYQQ AVAAGQGKAP KVAPKFEALD LESVKGKYDT
VTCLDVMIHY PQDKVDAMIT HLAGLSDRRL IISFAPKTLS YSILKRIGEL FPGPSKATRA
YLHREEDVEA ALKRAGFKVT KREMTATSFY FSRLLEAIRE
Ferredoxin
Mass: 13.0 kDa
Sequence:
MAMRSTFAARVGAKPAVRGARPASRMSCMAYKVTLKTPSGDKTIECPADTYILDAAEEAGLDLPYSCRAGACSSCAGKVAAGTVDQSDQSFLDDAQMGNGFV LTCVAYPTSDCTIQTHQEEALY
Ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR)
Mass: 38.27 kDa
Sequence:
MQTVRAPAASGVATRVAGRRMCRPVAATKASTAVTTDMSKRTVPTKLEEGEMPLNTYSNKAPFKAKVRSVEKITGPKATGETCHIIIETEGKIPFWEGQSYGVIPP GTKINSKGKEVPHGTRLYSIASSRYGDDFDGQTASLCVRRAVYVDPETGKEDPAKKGLCSNFLCDATPGTEISMTGPTGKVLLLPADANAPLICVATGTGIAPFRS FWRRCFIENVPSYKFTGLFWLFMGVANSDAKLYDEELQAIAKAYPGQFRLDYALSREQNNRKGGKMYIQDKVEEYADEIFDLLDNGAHMYFCGLKGMMPGIQD MLERVAKEKGLNYEEWVEGLKHKNQWHVEVY
POR
Mass: 41.87 kDa
Sequence:
MVVCAATATAPSPSLADKFKPNAIARVPATQQKQTAIITGASSGLGLNAAKALAATGEWHVVMACRDFLKAEQAAKKVGMPAGSYSILHLDLSSLESVRQFVQNFKASGR RLDALVCNAAVYLPTAKEPRFTADGFELSVGTNHLGHFLLTNLLLDDLKNAPNKQPRCIIVGSITGNTNTLAGNVPPKANLGDLSGLAAGVPAANPMMDGQEFNGAKAYK DSKVACMMTV RQMHQRFHDATGITFASLYPGCIAETGLFREHVPLFKTLFPPFQKYITKGYVSEEEAGRRLAAVISDPKLNKSGAYWSWSSTTGSFDNK
ChlP
Mass: 47 kDa
Sequence:
MVIGGGPSGACAAETLAKGGVETFLLERKLDNCKPCGGAIPLCMVEEFDLPMEIIDRRVTKMKMISPSNREVDVGKTLSETEWIGMCRREVFDDYLRNRAQKLGANIVNGL FMRSEQQSAEGPFTIHYNSYEDGSKMGKPATLEVDMIIGADGANSRIAKEIDAGEYDYAIAFQERIRIPDDKMKYYENLAEMYVGDDVSPDFYGWVFPKYDHVAVGTGTVVN KTAIKQYQQATRDRSKVKTEGGKIIRVEAHPIPEHPRPRRCKGRVALVGDAAGYVTKCSGEGIYFAAKSGRMAAEAIVEGSANGTKMCGEDAIRVYLDKWDRKYWTTYKVLD ILQKVFYRSNPAREAFVELCEDSYVQKMTFDSYLYKTVVPGNPLDDVKLLVRTVSSILRSNALRSVNSKSVNVSFGSKANEERVMAA
DVR1
Mass: 37 kDa
Sequence:
MAMAASRQAVRVAAAVDADYRKREPKDVRVLVVGPTGYIGKFVVKELVSRGYNVVAFARENAGIKGKMGREDIVKEFHGAEVRFGSVLDPASLRDVAFKDPVDVVVSCLA SRTGGKKDSWLIDYTATKNSLDVARASGAKHFVLLSAICVQKPLLEFQKAKLQFESDLQAAGDITYSIVRPTAFFKSIAGQIDIVKKGNPYVMFGDGNLAACKPISEADLASF IADCVTEQNKVNKVLPIGGPSKAFTAKQQADLLFNITGLPPKYFPVPVALMDGMIGLFDSLAKLFPQLEDSAEFARIGKYYATESMLVYDEARGVYRKTKRLVTARTRWKTS SLVQ
ChlG
Mass: 36.84 kDa
Sequence:
MNQQATEEKSDTNSAARQMLGMKGAALETDIWKIRVQLTKPVTWIPLIWGVACGAAASGHYQWNNPTQIAQLLTCMMMSGPFLTGYTQTINDWYDREIDAINEPYRPIPS GRISERDVIVQIWVLLLGGIGLAYTLDQWAGHTTPVMLQLTIFGSFISYIYSAPPLKLKQSGWAGNYALGSSYIALPWWAGQALFGTLTLDVMALTIAYSLAGLGIAIVNDFKSI EGDRQ MGLQSLPVAFGVDTAKWICVSTIDVTQLGVAAYLAWGLHEELYGAVLLALILPQIYFQYKYFLPDPIANDVKYQASAQPFLVFGLLTAGLACGHHVNAVAA AASAAGAL
References
[1] Adhikari ND, Froehlich JE, Strand DD, Buck SM, Kramer DM, Larkin RM. gUN4-Porphyrin Complexes Bind the chlH/gUN5 Subunit of Mg-Chelatase and Promote Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2013; 23: 1449-1467.
[2] Tabrizi S, Sawicki A, Zhou S, Luo M, Willows R. GUN4-Protoporphyrin IX Is a Singlet Oxygen Generator with Consequences for Plastid Retrograde Signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2016;291(17): 8978-8984.
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