Part:BBa_K2653015

TNF-α

TNFα gene maps to chromosome 6p21.3, spans about 3 kilobases and contains 4 exons. It is expressed during embryonic development.

TNFα produces protein that is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction, chiefly produced by activated macrophages. The primary role of TNFα is regulation of immune cells. It is able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, inflammation and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication and respond to sepsis.

Some of the TNFα functions are important in normal embryogenesis, such as apoptosis. Furthermore, TNFα is important as a growth and differentiation factor, comparable to its function in hematopoiesis. In addition, TNFα plays a critical role in remodeling extracellular matrix and in the induction of cell adhesion molecules and integrins. TNFα promotes liver regeneration by promoting hepatocyte-specific gene expression. Despite this, TNFα is known to enhance ubiquitin. The involvement of TNFα in development starts before embryogenesis. TNFα induces ovulation and enhances luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced ovulation. Soluble TNFR is increased in the blood of pregnant women and also in amniotic fluid and umbilical serum. Sexual hormones also have an effect on TNFα production. Estradiol and progesterone enhance TNFα release by macrophages, whereas testosterone has no effect.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]

  Illegal NotI site found at 727
  
• 21
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]

  Illegal XhoI site found at 348
  
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

  Illegal BsaI site found at 147