Coding

Part:BBa_K1456006

Designed by: Mustafa Semih Elitok   Group: iGEM14_ATOMS-Turkiye   (2014-07-21)
Revision as of 15:43, 21 October 2014 by Sayinorhan (Talk | contribs)

Aprotinin: Oxygen Radical Inhibitor

Atoms aprotinin 3.png

  • The graphic shows that serine protease inhibition was not observed in the isolated proteins of the cells transfected with the pTRE vectors and our negative controls only.
    • Also known as pancreatic trypsin inhibitor or serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin is a potent protease inhibitor. According to our researches, aprotinin prevents the formation of xanthine oxidase (XO) from xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). XO catalyzes the end step of xanthine degradation pathway resulting with ROS formation. In fact, about 80% of ROS during oxidative stress is produced by this enzyme. Furthermore, harmful free radicals such as peroxynitrite can be built up owing to the products of XO. Such free radicals have been found to react with DNA, proteins, and cells, causing cellular damage or even toxicity.
    • Another reaction catalyzed by xanthine oxidase is the decomposition of S-Nitrosothiols (RSNO), a reactive nitrogen species, to nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with a superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite under aerobic conditions, additionally.This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Both XO and XDH enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines.
    • Inhibition of xanthine oxidase has been proposed as a mechanism for improving cardiovascular health. (Dawson et al. 2006) A study found that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had a decrease in oxidative stress, including glutathione oxidation and lipid peroxidation, when xanthine oxidase was inhibited using allopurinol. (Heunks et al. 1999) Oxidative stress can be caused by hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen peroxide, both of which are byproducts of XO activity. (Higgins et al. 2009)
    800px-Aprotinin2.jpg

    Sequence and Features


    Assembly Compatibility:
    • 10
      COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
    • 12
      INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
      Illegal NotI site found at 5
    • 21
      COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    • 23
      COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
    • 25
      INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
      Illegal NgoMIV site found at 27
    • 1000
      COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]


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    Categories
    Parameters
    None