Part:BBa_K1129003
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (Enc-P) from Streptomyces maritimus
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]Illegal NgoMIV site found at 535
Illegal NgoMIV site found at 638 - 1000INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 1234
Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 1489
Background
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid (1). PAL is the first committed enzyme in the Phenylpropanoid pathway and is therefore involved in lignin degradation(1,2). PAL’s can be found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and it has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa(1,3). The deaminating action of PAL is conserved among the ammonia Lyase family which includes Histadine Ammonia Lyase, and Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase(1).
In the figure below figure we coupled the activity of PAL with a cinnamic acid ligase and a Cinnamoyl Co A reductase to yield cinnamaldehyde from the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine. Cinnamaldehyde is a common flavouring compound used in cooking and in some countries as a therapeutic: cinnamaldehyde comes from the bark of the cinnamon tree.
Experimental Data
The genes encoding PAL (BBa_K1129003), 4-Cinnamic acid ligase(BBa_K1129042 and a Cinnamoyl Co-A reductase(BBa_1129005) were assembled into one PSB1C3 plasmid under constitutive promoters and transformed into E. coli. E.coli 10G cells were grown over night before being incubated with L-Phenylalanine for 7 hours, the sample was extracted before it was run on GC-MS.
Figure 1. Compound generation identification by GC-MS. Chromatograms and mass spectra for select peaks are shown. Structures represent predictions based on library matching or comparison to standards. Controls represent plasmids missing the gene of interest. Top Internal control using cinnamic acid. Middle cinnamic acid detection from culture containing phenylalanine and strains harbouring constitutive EncP. Bottom Cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde detection from culture containing phenylalanine and strains harbouring constitutive EncP, 4CH and ATRCC1.
Resources
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
2) http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00940
3) http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25872
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