Part:BBa_K5034219

Poly P + AMP-> ADP

Basic Description

This basic part encodes the PAP gene which is initially from Acinetobacter johnsonii and we performed codon optimization on, is expressed in the PYYDT plasmid. This basic part is designed to facilitate the reversible conversion of inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The PAP enzyme plays a crucial role in phosphate and energy metabolism. PAP and PPK2 have strong poly(P) utilization activity, and the activity of PAP is 20-fold higher than that in PPK1, even though the Km values for utilization of all three enzymes are almost the same. This implies that PAP and PPK2 work mainly for poly(P) utilization in the cell. However, PAP has the same level of poly(P) synthetic activity (Km and Vmax) as PPK1, and this suggests that PAP also works for poly(P) synthesis at a significant level.

Figure 1: Basic function of PAP

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]

  Illegal prefix found in sequence at 4981
  Illegal suffix found in sequence at 1
  
• 12
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]

  Illegal EcoRI site found at 4981
  Illegal SpeI site found at 2
  Illegal PstI site found at 16
  Illegal NotI site found at 9
  Illegal NotI site found at 2834
  Illegal NotI site found at 4987
  
• 21
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]

  Illegal EcoRI site found at 4981
  Illegal BglII site found at 3580
  
• 23
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]

  Illegal prefix found in sequence at 4981
  Illegal suffix found in sequence at 2
  
• 25
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]

  Illegal prefix found in sequence at 4981
  Illegal XbaI site found at 4996
  Illegal SpeI site found at 2
  Illegal PstI site found at 16
  Illegal NgoMIV site found at 562
  Illegal NgoMIV site found at 4244
  Illegal NgoMIV site found at 4527
  Illegal AgeI site found at 402
  
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Promoter: Constitutive promoter for continuous expression. We use tac promoter in our experiment. PAP Coding Sequence: Encodes the polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase enzyme. Terminator: Efficient transcription terminator to ensure proper mRNA processing. We use T7Te terminator in our experiment.

Figure 2: PCR of target genes PCR before plasmids construction (The extra small fragment in the picture is primer dimer)

Figure 3: Basic construction of PAP plasmid

Figure 4: Construction of PAP plasmid

Figure 5: Colony PCR indicating that different plasmids can replicate in Shewanella

Origin (Organism)

The PAP gene was sourced from Acinetobacter johnsonii. The PYYDT plasmid backbone is a standard vector used for gene expression in synthetic biology applications.

Experimental Characterization and results

Using molybdate assays to determine Pi concentration and found that PAP do not have a good capacity to polymerise phosphorus (but better than PPN1 and PPX). In our team’s previous research we found that the behavior of the modified Shewanella did not reach our expectation and the electron microscopic observation also showed an abnormal morphology of the bacterium, we postulated that too much PPK1 may lead to an abnormal charge distribution in the bacterium thus result in a decrease in the bacterium's activity and a reduction in its capacity for electricity production, so we planed to improve the situation by introducing different polyphosphate hydrolases which influence the phosphorus metabolism of Shewanella. Electricity production: Using half-cell reaction(electrochemistry) to measure the electricity production ability. Capacity to polymerize phosphorus: Conducting molybdate assays to determine Pi concentration. Conducting molybdate assays to determine Pi concentration and found that PAP do not have a good capacity to polymerize phosphorus (but better than PPN1 and PPX).

Figure 6: statistical data on electricity production capacity of Shewanella with the introduction of different hydrolases

Figure 7: statistical data on the phosphorus accumulation capacity of Shewanella with PAP

Figure 8: ATP level in Shewanella with the introduction of different hydrolases

Usage and Biology

The PAP gene from Acinetobacter johnsonii is cloned into the PYYDT plasmid. This composite part is designed to facilitate the reversible conversion of inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The PAP enzyme plays a crucial role in phosphate and energy metabolism.

Potential applications

PAP (polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase) has several potential applications:

• Phosphate Metabolism: Key role in energy and phosphate metabolism studies.
• Bioenergy Production: Enhances microbial electricity generation.
• Industrial Biotechnology: Optimizes bioprocesses involving polyphosphate.
• Microbial Metabolic Engineering: Improves microbial performance in synthetic biology.
• Environmental Remediation: Aids in phosphate degradation to combat eutrophication.

References

1.Itoh, H., & Shiba, T. (2004). Polyphosphate synthetic activity of polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase in Acinetobacter johnsonii 210A. Journal of Bacteriology, 186(15), 5178-5181.