Part:BBa_K2295000
TDAG8 (T cell death associated gene 8)
TDAG8 (T cell death associated gene 8) is a proton sensing Gs coupled G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR).
G protein coupled receptors in general
GPCRs, also known as heptahelical receptors, are a large family of integral membrane proteins that respond to many different extracellular stimuli. The two principal signal transduction pathways involving GPCRs are the cAMP and the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways.
Mechanism
Due to the fact that this BioBrick is mainly used for cAMP dependent transcription, only the cAMP cascade will be described, which is characteristical for Gs coupled GPCRs. Being activated by low extracellular pH, a conformational change takes place in the receptor. This change is transmitted to an attached intracellular heterotrimeric G protein complex (Figure 1: Gs). Exchanging GDP for GTP due to the stimulation, the Gs alpha subunit is released from the complex (not depicted in Figure 1). Binding to adenylyl cyclase (AC), Gs alpha subunit activates AC. This results in the catalyzation of the conversion of ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Although the increase of intracellular concentration of this secondary messenger has numerous effectors, the main pathway of BBa_K2295001 continues with the activation of the cAMP dependent enzyme protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates a number of other proteins. It also translocates into the nucleus where it activates cAMP responsive binding elements (CREB). Being now phosphorylated, CREBs can bind to cAMP responsive element (CRE) (BBa_K2295001), activating downstream transcription (Fig. 1).
Freiburg 2017's Characterization
In order to characterize the CRE, stably transduced HEK293T and Jurkat lines were created expressing eCFP under a minimal promoter with multiple CREs. Induction was performed with pH adjusted media. Constitutively expressed mCherry was used as transduction marker. For analysis in HEK293T a PEI transfection of TDAG8, which is not expressed in these cells, was performed (Ausländer et al., 2014). To generate a high expression by activating the signaling cascade downstream of the receptor, the stable cell lines were induced with forskolin and IBMX. Forskolin activates the cAMP-producing enzyme adenylyl cyclase and IBMX inhibits cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (Bittinger et al., 2004). Fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry after 24 h of incubation (Fig. 2).
a) and b) HEK293T cells stably transduced with 4xCRE-pTal:eCFP with and without transient TDAG8 were induced. The percentage of eCFP positive cells c) and the mean fluorescence intensity b) are represented. All data points are mean values of triplicates, error bars represent standard deviation. For a) and b) significant differences were determined using one-tailed student’s t-test (Excel 2017); * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, non-significant differences are not marked.
Sequencing Results
Sanger sequencing was done at GATC with BBa_G00100 and BBa_G00101. Files of the results can be found here: https://parts.igem.org/File:BBa_K2295000-psb1c3-tdag8-sequencing-files.zip
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
- 1000COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
References
Ausländer, D. et al.. A synthetic multifunctional mammalian pH sensor and CO2 transgene-control device. Mol. Cell 55, 397–408 (2014). Bittinger, M. A. et al Activation of cAMP Response Element-Mediated Gene Expression by Regulated Nuclear Transport of TORC Proteins. Current Biology, Vol. 14, 2156–2161 (2004).
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