Part:BBa_K404152

[AAV2]-VP1up

General informations

The AAV capsid consists of 60 capsid protein subunits composed of the three cap proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, which are encoded in an overlapping reading frame. Arranged in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:10, they form an icosahedral symmetry. The mRNA encoding for the cap proteins is transcribed from p40 and alternative spliced to minor and major products. Alternative splicing and translation initiation of VP2 at a nonconventional ACG initiation codon promote the expression of the VP proteins. VP1, VP2 and VP3 share a common C terminus and stop codon, but begin with a different start codon. The N termini of VP1 and VP2 play important roles in infection and contain motifs that are highly homologous to a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) domain and nuclear localization signals (NLSs). These elements are conserved in almost all parvoviruses. (Johnson et al., 2010a).

Whereas VP1 is translated from the minor spliced mRNA, while VP2 and VP3 are translated from the major spliced mRNA. The minor spliced product is approximately 10-fold less abundant than the major spliced mRNA. Thus, there is much less VP1 than VP2 and VP3 resulting in a capsid stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:10. The N terminus of VP1 has an extension of 65 amino acids including an additional extension of 138 N-terminal amino acids forming the unique portion of VP1. It contains a motif of about 70 amino acids that is highly homologous to phospholipase A2 (PLA2) domain. Furthermore, there are nuclear localization sequences (BR)(+), which are supposed to be necessary for endosomal escape and nuclear entry. (Bleker, Pawlita, & Kleinschmidt, 2006), (DiPrimio, Asokan, Govindasamy, Agbandje-McKenna, & Samulski, 2008), (Johnson et al., 2010a)

VP1up

VP1up protein is a derivate of Vp1 protein, which contains several point mutations that lead to significant decrease in enzymatic activity of phospholipase. Phospholipase is located on N terminus in VP1 [Canaan et al., 2004; Zadori et al., 2001], which is required for virus internalisation [Girod et al., 2002]

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]

  Illegal XhoI site found at 28
  Illegal XhoI site found at 214
  
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

References

Bleker, S., Pawlita, M., & Kleinschmidt, J., 2006. IImpact of capsid conformation and Rep-capsid interactions on adeno-associated virus type 2 genome packaging. Journal of virology, 80(2), 810-820. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.2.810.
Canaan, 2004. Interfacial enzymology of parvovirus phospholipases A2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279(15), pp.14502-14508.
DiPrimio, N., Asokan, A., Govindasamy, L., Agbandje-McKenna, M., & Samulski, R. J. , 2008. Surface loop dynamics in adeno-associated virus capsid assembly. Journal of virology, 82(11), 5178-89. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02721-07.
Girod, A., 2002. The VP1 capsid protein of adeno-associated virus type 2 is carrying a phospholipase A2 domain required for virus infectivity. The Journal of general virology, 83(Pt 5), pp.973-978. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11961250.
Johnson, J.S., 2010. Mutagenesis of adeno-associated virus type 2 capsid protein VP1 uncovers new roles for basic amino acids in trafficking and cell-specific transduction. Journal of virology, 84(17), 8888-902. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00687-10.
Zadori, Z , 2001. A viral phospholipase A2 is required for parvovirus infectivity. Developmental Cell, 1(2), pp.291-302. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11702787.