Part:BBa_K4160007

IL-10 (interleukin 10)

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) (Figure 1) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, that has an essential role during infections. IL-10 inhibits the immune response during inflammation, to prevent damaging the host.¹ IL-10 is not on the white list. However, the TU-Eindhoven 2022 team received permission from the Safety and Security Committee to implement the use of this part.

Figure 1 | 3D structure of IL-10. (PDB: 1ILK)²

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Usage and Biology

IL-10 originates from the Homo sapiens (human) and is the primary immune regulatory cytokine that has thorough anti-inflammatory functions while operating on many immune cells.² IL-10 is primarily produced by monocytes and minorly by lymphocytes.³ It suppresses the expression of MHC class II proteins, Th1 cytokines, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. Furthermore, IL-10 can enhance B-cell survival, proliferation, and production of antibodies.³ IL-10 is recognized to have potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases.⁴

Role in autoimmune diseases

Since IL-10 lowers the inflammatory host response, it is co-responsible for preventing inflammation in autoimmune pathologies.⁵ Hence, IL-10 deficiency or dysregulation is acknowledged to cause several autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the powerful anti-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 suggest the therapeutic potential of IL-10 administration in autoimmune diseases.⁵

GEMS system

TU-Eindhoven 2022 used this part as an output of the Generalized Extracellular Molecule Sensor (GEMS) system (BBa_K4160008). Upon activation of the GEMS receptor, STAT-induced IL-10 will be expressed and secreted via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In the project of TU-Eindhoven 2022, IL-10 will act as the therapeutic agent to treat ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Characterization

Characterization of IL-10 expression by the GEMS system can be found on the BBa_K4160008 page.

References

1. Saraiva M, O’Garra A. The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(3):170-181. doi:10.1038/NRI2711
2. IL10 - Interleukin-10 - Homo sapiens (Human) | UniProtKB | UniProt. Accessed October 11, 2022. https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22301/entry#structure
3. IL10 interleukin 10 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI. Accessed October 11, 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=3586%5Buid%5D
4. Tian G, Li JL, Wang DG, Zhou D. Targeting IL-10 in Auto-immune Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(1):37-49. doi:10.1007/S12013-014-9903-X/TABLES/1
5. Iyer SS, Cheng G. Role of Interleukin 10 Transcriptional Regulation in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23. doi:10.1615/CRITREVIMMUNOL.V32.I1.30