Part:BBa_K200000

Colanic acid global regulator -> RcsB

Regulation for Capsular Synthesis (RCS) Phosphorelay System

RcsB is a transcription factor that forms part of a phosphorelay system. As the name suggests, a phosphorelay system consists of a series of nodes down which a phosphate group is passed. The transfer of this phosphate group down along the Rcs relay system is initiated by membrane stress. Once the phosphate group has been passed to RcsB, it can bind to DNA and act as a transcription factor.

The Rcs phosphorelay is composed of two membrane-anchored proteins, RcsC and RcsD, and a cytoplasmic protein, RcsB. In response to a signal, the sensor kinase RcsC autophosphorylates and the phosphoryl group is transferred to RcsB, via RcsD. RcsB can both homodimerise and heterodimerise with RcsA, these two complexes serve to regulate different operons.

RcsB as a transcription factor

Phosphorylated RcsB is thought to regulate ~5% of the E.coli genome ⁴. Phosphorylated RcsB acts as a positive regulator of a number of genes including capsule genes responsible for colanic acid production. 2 This is via the activation of the ugd/cps operon which is required for capsule synthesis.
Colanic acid is a heteropolymer containing glucose, galactose, fucose, and glucuronic acid.

It is important to note that RcsB is a global regulator found in many [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacteria Enterobacteria]. In Salmonella, up to 38 genes were found to be up-regulated by RcsB including ftsZ which affects the rate of cell division. 1 The majority of upregulated genes are associated with enhancing structural integrety and acid resistance. 22 genes were found to be downregualted by RcsB in the same microarray experiment.3

Usage and Biology

 Colanic acid is an exopolysaccharide secreted by some bacterial species to protect themselves from the environment that surrounds them.

The gene was used alongside YgiV and Rfal by the Imperial iGEM 2009 [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London The E.ncapsulator] team to upregulate colanic acid production as part of the auto-encapsulation mechanism.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

References

<biblio>

1. 1 pmid=1597415
2. 2 pmid=2404948
3. 3 pmid=19124574

</biblio>