Part:BBa_K2924041

Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin is a gene coding for a protein product which originates from Bos taurus.

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein from the transferrin group, which is assigned to serine proteases due to its enzymatic activity. In addition, lactoferrin also has nuclease activity and is an iron chelator¹ Lactoferrin consists of a polypeptide chain with about 700 amino acids and forms two similar globular domains called N-lobes and C-lobes. The N lobe is formed by amino acid residues 1 to 333, the C lobe by amino acid residues 345 to 692. The two domains are connected by a short alpha helix².

Each flap consists of two subdomains (N1 and N2 as well as C1 and C2) and contains one position each for binding iron and another for glycosylation. The extent of glycosylation can vary, which explains the variation in molecular weight between 76 and 80 kDa.

Lactoferrin is a basic protein. Its isoelectric point is at a pH of 8.7. It can reversibly bind two metal ions in its domains, e.g. iron, zinc or copper. The affinity of lactoferrin to iron is about 300 times higher than that of transferrin. A distinction is made between hololactoferrin rich in iron and iron-free apolactoferrin³. The protein lactoferrin reduces inflammation factors and thus promotes the absorption of iron into the blood and its availability in the body.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

MIT_MAHE 2020

Summary

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein from the transferrin group, which is assigned to serine proteases due to its enzymatic activity. In addition, lactoferrin also has nuclease activity and is an iron chelator. Lactoferrin consists of a polypeptide chain with about 700 amino acids and forms two similar globular domains called N-lobes and C-lobes, connected by a short alpha helix. Lactoferrin is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity and is part of the innate defense. It reduces inflammation factors and thus promotes the absorption of iron into the blood and its availability in the body.

References

[1]: Legrand, D., Elass, E., Carpentier, M., & Mazurier, J. (2005). Lactoferrin. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 62(22), 2549.

[2]: Ward, P. P., Paz, E., & Conneely, O. M. (2005). Lactoferrin. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 62(22), 2540.

[3]: Iyer, S., & Lonnerdal, B. (1993). Lactoferrin, lactoferrin receptors and iron metabolism. European journal of clinical nutrition.