Coding

Part:BBa_K3187021

Designed by: iGEM TU_Darmstadt 2019   Group: iGEM19_TU_Darmstadt   (2019-10-12)
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P22 Bacteriophage Scaffolding Protein

Profile

Name Scaffold protein
Base pairs 489
Molecular weight 18 kDa
Origin Enterobacteria phage P22
Properties In combination with the coat protein (BBa_K3187017) this protein builds the virus capsid of the P22 phage.

Usage and Biology

The P22 VLP originates from the temperate bacteriophage P22. Its natural host is Salmonella typhimurium. Since it was isolated half a century ago it has been characterized thoroughly and has become a paradigm system for temperate phages. To date, nearly everything is known about its lifecycle. Because of that and its specific properties it generates an accessible VLP platform. [1]

An assembled P22 VLP consists of 420 copies of coat protein (CP: BBa_K3187017) and 100 to 300 copies of scaffold protein (SP: BBa_K3187021). [2]
The shell of the VLP is formed by the 46.6 kDa CP. The coat protein occurs in one configuration, which contains a globular structure on the outer surface and an extended domain on the inner surface. Seven CPs arrange in asymmetric units, which form the icosahedral structure of the VLP. [3]
The 18 kDa SP is required for an efficient assembly and naturally consists of 303 amino acids. It has been shown, that an N‑terminal truncated SP of 163 amino acids retains its assembly efficiency. The 3D‑structure is composed of segmented helical domains, with little or no globular core. In solution is a mixture of monomers and dimers present. [4] When purified CPs and SPs are mixed, they self‑assemble into VLPs.

P22 VLPs occur as a procapsid after assembly. If the VLP is heated up to 60 °C, the CP rearranges, forming the expanded shell form (EX). This form has a diameter of about 58 nm and the volume is doubled compared to the one of the procapsid. The expanded shell form changes into the whiffleball form (WB) when heated further up to 70  °C. The whiffleball has 10 nm pores, while the procapsid or the expanded shell form only have 2 nm pores. [5] Furthermore, the P22 VLP consists of SP and CP, but it also can assemble with only CPs. If it assembles without SP it can form two sizes of capsids. The small capsid is built as a T = 4 icosahedral lattice with a diameter between 195 Å and 240 Å. The larger capsid also has an icosahedral lattice, but it is formed as T = 7. T being the "triangulation number", a measure for capsid size and complexity. Moreover, it is like the wild type VLP, which includes the SP. The diameter of the wild type VLP, is between 260 Å and 306 Å. Each capsid consists of a 85 Å thick icosahedral shell made of CP. [6]

The P22 scaffold protein (SP) is an important part of the Enterobacteria phage P22 capsid. The virus capsid is assembled with the help of up to 300 copies of the 18 kDa scaffold protein out of approx. 400 copies of the 47 kDa coat protein. [1] [2]
After the assembly of the virus-capsid the SP is released into the capsid. In case of a functional P22 bacteriophage, this protein is extracted out of the capsid in vivo while the viral DNA is loaded into the capsid. [3] [4] Because the artificial capsid is not filled with DNA the SP remains in the capsid. By fusing the SP with a cargo-protein, one can load the capsid with said cargo. [5] This fusion has to occur at the N-Terminus of the SP, because the C-Terminus is important for mechanism of the assembly. [6]

Methods

Results

References

  1. ↑ W. Earnshaw, S. Casjens, S. C. Harrison, Assembly of the head of bacteriophage P22: X-ray diffraction from heads, proheads and related structures J. Mol. Biol. 1976, 104, 387. [1]
  2. ↑ W. Jiang, Z. Li, Z. Zhang, M. L. Baker, P. E. Prevelige, W. Chiu, Coat protein fold and maturation transition of bacteriophage P22 seen at subnanometer resolutions, Nat. Struct. Biol. 2003, 10, 131. [2]
  3. ↑ King, J., and Casjens, S. (1974). Catalytic head assembling protein in virus morphogenesis. Nature 251:112-119. [3]
  4. ↑ S. Casjens and R. Hendrix, (1988) "Control mechanisms in dsDNA bacteriophage assembly", in The Bacteriophages, volume 1, ed. R. Calendar, Plenum Press, p. 15-91. [4]
  5. ↑ Dustin P. Patterson, Benjamin Schwarz, Ryan S. Waters, Tomas Gedeon, and Trevor Douglas, Encapsulation of an Enzyme Cascade within the Bacteriophage P22 Virus-Like Particle ,ACS Chemical Biology 2014 9 (2), 359-365 [5]
  6. ↑ P. R. Weigele, L. Sampson, D. Winn‐Stapley, S. R. Casjens, Molecular Genetics of Bacteriophage P22 Scaffolding Protein's Functional Domains , J. Mol. Biol. 2005, 348, 831. [6]


Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 351
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]


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Categories
Parameters
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