Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa R0011:Experience"

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===Applications of BBa_R0011===
 
===Applications of BBa_R0011===
  
====BBa_R0011 - Plac hybrid promoter - UNIPV-Pavia team (test performed by L. Pasotti, S. Zucca)====
 
  
=====Description=====
 
  
Here we provide the characterization of this promoter in E. coli TOP10, which has a lacI genomic copy, constitutively expressed in a weak manner.
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===User Reviews===
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview number</partinfo>
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<I>Username</I>
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Enter the review inofrmation here.
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview 5</partinfo>
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<I>Antiquity</I>
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This review comes from the old result system and indicates that this part worked in some test.
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<I>UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2009</I>
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[[Part:BBa R0011:Experience/iGEM09 UNIPV-Pavia|UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2009's Experience]]: BBa_R0011 - Plac hybrid promoter
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview 3</partinfo>
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<I>UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2010</I>
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[[Part:BBa R0011:Experience/iGEM10 UNIPV-Pavia|UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2010's Experience]]
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<I>Washington 2010</I>
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[[Part:BBa R0011:Experience/iGEM10 Washington|Washington 2010's Experience]]: R0011 in different plasmids
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview 4</partinfo>
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<I>iGEM Kyoto 2010</I>
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We measured RPUs of R0011 in low number copy plasmid with various concentrations of IPTG
  
The data below are referred to <partinfo>BBa_K173025</partinfo>, which is the measurement system of <partinfo>BBa_R0011</partinfo>.
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[[Part:BBa_R0011:Experience/iGEM10_Kyoto|See details.]]
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|}
  
=====Characterization=====
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview 4</partinfo>
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<I>iGEM11_Uppsala-Sweden</I>
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We measured RPUs of different promoters in low copy number plasmids.
  
Compatibility: E. coli TOP10 in pSB1A2.
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[[Part:BBa_R0011:Experience/iGEM11_Uppsala-Sweden|See details.]]
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|};
  
<html>
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<partinfo>BBa_I712019 AddReview 5</partinfo>
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<I>UT-Tokyo 2011</I>
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UT-Tokyo 2011 Team has characterized this part through the test of our [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K518002 Firefly-Renilla Dual Luciferase Assay Kit]. We succesfully evaluated the relative expression levels of [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_R0011 BBa_R0011] with various IPTG concentration, compared to that of [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J23119 BBa_J23119] as a control. For experimental details, see [http://2011.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo our page].
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<tr>
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{|width='80%' style='border:1px solid gray'
<td rowspan=2 valign="bottom" align="center"><b>IPTG concentration<br></b></td>
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<td colspan=2 align="center"><b>LB</b></td>
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<partinfo>BBa_K592008 AddReview 5</partinfo>
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<I>[http://2012.igem.org/Team:Uppsala_University Uppsala University 2012]</I>
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<tr>
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'''iGEM Team Uppsala University 2012'''
  
<td><b>Doubling time [minutes]</b></td>
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'''Promoter strength'''
<td><b>RPU</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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[[Image:Promotertestuppsala2012.png|300px|thumb|Promoter strenghts in MG1566 and DH5alpha, relative to J23101.]]
<td>0uM</td><td>    42 </td>
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<td>  1.52 [1.46; 1.59] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>10uM</td><td>    41 </td>
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<td>  1.83 [1.73; 1.90] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>50uM</td><td>    43 </td>
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<td>  1.78 [1.64 ; 1.92] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>100uM</td><td>    46 </td>
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<td>  1.73 [1.52; 1.95] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>500uM</td><td>    43 </td>
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<td>  1.61 [1.46 ; 1.81] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>1mM</td><td>    47 </td>
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<td>  1.78 [1.53; 2.01] </td>
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</tr><tr align="center">
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<td>2mM</td><td>    44 </td>
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<td>  1.47 [0.93; 2.05] </td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</html>
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 +
A promoter test was carried out to put synthetic and natural promoters on the same scale. Every promoter was assembled before B0032-SYFP2 (<partinfo>K864101</partinfo>) in the backbone <partinfo>K592200</partinfo> (very similar to the pSB3x5 backbones). The test was performed in E coli expression strain MG1655 and cloning strain DH5alpha, by flow cytometry fluorescence measurements of single cells.
  
{|align="center"
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Triplicates of each strain and promoter were inoculated in 2 mL LB media with spectinomycin (50 µg/mL) and grown overnight shaking at 37° C. Samples were equilibrated in PBS solution at 1:160 dilution for one hour, and then measured by a BD Biosciences FACSaria III. 10^5 cells of each sample were individually measured and averaged, with dead and other non-flourescent cells excluded. Promoter strength is noted as fractions of the reference promoter's, J23101, strength in corresponding strain.
|[[Image:PV_A17_LB.png|700px|thumb|<partinfo>BBa_K173025</partinfo> Growth curves for BBa_K173025 in LB]]
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 +
{|
 +
|  
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!MG1566
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!DH5alpha
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|-
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|J23101
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|1
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|1
 +
|-
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|J23106
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|0.19
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|0.37
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|-
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|J23110
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|0.27
 +
|0.50
 +
|-
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|J23116
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|N/A
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|0.11
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|-
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|Plac
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|0.34
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|0.67
 +
|-
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|PlacIq
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|0.03
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|0.05
 
|-
 
|-
|[[Image:PV_A17_Scell_LB.png|700px|thumb|<partinfo>BBa_K173025</partinfo>(dGFP/dt)/O.D. in LB and LB]]
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|T5lac
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|0.217
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|0.54
 
|-
 
|-
|[[Image:PV_A17_IndCurvLB.png|700px|thumb|<partinfo>BBa_K173025</partinfo> Induction curve of BBa_K173025 in LB]]
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|PLlacO
 +
|0.87
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|N/A
 
|}
 
|}
  
=====Conclusions=====
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The variance in expression between MG1655 and DH5α may depend on the reference J23101. The maximum protein expression may be lower in DH5α, due to its lower fitness resulting in lower expression of SYFP2 in the J23101 construct. Alternatively, the clone with J23101 in DH5α may have been weaker than average, resulting in higher RPU values compared to other DH5α.
  
 +
'''LacI repression'''
  
As TOP10 strains contains an expressed lacI in its genome, we wanted to know if it was enough to repress Plac activity in a high copy number plasmid in order to use it as a lactose/IPTG sensor. It is evident from induction curve that the behaviour of this part is almost independent from IPTG concentration, probably because lacI production by genomic DNA is too low. So our characterization has shown that <partinfo>BBa_R0011</partinfo> can be used as a strong constitutive promoter, with mean RPU higher than 1.5.  
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The possibility of repression by lacI and induction by IPTG was evaluated in the pSB4C15Iq backbone. Cells grown with IPTG (0.5 mM) had a 100-fold increase of RFP expression, when compared to those grown without. Read about [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K864009:Experience pSB4C15Iq] for details.  
Future work should be dedicated to the characterization of this BioBrick in low copy number plasmids and in strains containing lacIq mutation in order to buil-up new IPTG/lactose sensors.
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<div align="right">
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|}
[[#top|Top]]
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</div>
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====='''Growth conditions'''=====
 
======Microplate reader experiments======
 
*8 ul of long term storage glycerol stock were inoculated in 5 ml of LB + suitable antibiotic in a 15 ml falcon tube and incubated at 37°C, 220 rpm for about 16 hours.
 
*The grown cultures were then diluted 1:100 in 5 ml of LB or M9 supplemented medium and incubated in the same conditions as before for about 4 hours.
 
*These new cultures were diluted to an O.D.600 of 0.02 (measured with a TECAN F200 microplate reader on a 200 ul of volume per well; it is not comparable with the 1 cm pathlength cuvette) in a sufficient amount of medium to fill all the desired microplate wells.
 
*These new dilutions were aliquoted in a flat-bottom 96-well microplate, avoiding to perform dynamic experiments in the microplate frame (see [http://2009.igem.org/Team:UNIPV-Pavia/Methods_Materials/Evaporation Frame effect section] for details). All the wells were filled with a 200 ul volume.
 
*If required, 2 ul of inducer were added to each single well.
 
*The microplate was incubated in the Tecan Infinite F200 microplate reader and fluorescence (when required) and absorbance were measured with this automatic protocol:
 
**37°C constant for all the experiment;
 
**sampling time of 5 minutes;
 
**fluorescence gain of 50;
 
**O.D. filter was 600 nm;
 
**GFP filters were 485nm (ex) / 540nm (em);
 
**15 seconds of linear shaking (3mm amplitude) followed by 10 seconds of waiting  before the measurements in order to make a homogeneous culture.
 
**Variable experiment duration time (from 3 to 24 hours).
 
  
======= '''Data analysis''' =======
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<partinfo>BBa_K592008 AddReview 5</partinfo>
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<I>[http://2013.igem.org/Team:UCSF UCSF 2013]</I>
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========Growth curves========
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<html>
All our growth curves have been obtained subtracting for each time sample the broth O.D.600 measurement from that of the culture; broth was considered in the same conditions of the culture (e.g. induced with the same inducer concentration).
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<regulartext1> The UCSF iGEM team tested the pLAC promoter (part BBa_R0011) by placing it in front of GFP and inducing with various concentrations of IPTG. We used this part in the design of our CRISPRi circuit and improved upon it through the following experiments:  <br>
  
========Doubling time========
 
The natural logarithm of the growth curves (processed according to the above section) was computed and the linear phase (corresponding to the bacterial exponential growth phase) was isolated by visual inspection. Then the linear regression was performed in order to estimate the slope of the line ''m''. Finally the doubling time was estimated as ''d''=ln(2)/''m'' [minutes].
 
  
In the case of multiple growth curves for a strain, the mean value of the processed curves was computed for each time sample before applying the above described procedure.
 
  
========Relative Promoter Units (RPUs)========
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<img align="center" style="margin-bottom:20px; width: 500px; margin-top:20px; padding:2; margin-left:55px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/8/85/PLAC_Time_Induction_Curve.png"> <br>
The RPUs are standard units proposed by Kelly J. et al., 2008, in which the transcriptional strength of a promoter can be measured using a reference standard, just like the ground in electric circuits.
+
  
RPUs have been computed as:
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Time curve for original pLAC promoter induced with different amount of inducers (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 uM IPTG). Cells were grow to mid-log phase and then start induction. OD600 value and GFP fluorescence level of each sample were measured by plate reader over time. GFP fluorescence were corrected for OD600 value. Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated on the basis of technical replicates.
  
[[Image:pv_rpu_formula.jpg|230px]]
 
  
in which:
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<img align="center" style="margin-bottom:0px; width: 500px; margin-top:20px; padding:2; margin-left:55px;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/9/9a/PLAC_dose_response.png"> <br>
*phi is the considered promoter and J23101 is the reference standard promoter (taken from Anderson Promoter Collection);
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*F is the blanked fluorescence of the culture, computed subtracting for each time sample fluorescence measure for negative control from that of culture, where the negative control is a non-fluorescent strain (in our experiment it is usually used TOP10 strain bearing <partinfo>BBa_B0032</partinfo> or <partinfo>BBa_B0033</partinfo>, which are symmply RBSs do not have expression systems for reporter genes);
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*ABS is the blanked absorbance (O.D.600) of the culture, computed as described in "Growth curves" section.
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RPU measurement has the following advantages (under suitable conditions)
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Dose-response curve for original pLAC promoter induced with different amount of inducers (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 uM IPTG). Cells were grow to mid-log phase and then start induction. OD600 value and GFP fluorescence level of each sample were measured by plate reader after saturation. GFP fluorescence were corrected for OD600 value. The red line indicated Hill function fit of the dose-response curve and error bars indicate standard deviation calculated on the basis of technical replicates.
*it is proportional to PoPS (Polymerase Per Second), a very important parameter that expresses the transcription rate of a promoter;
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*it uses a reference standard and so measurements can be compared between different laboratories.
+
  
The hypotheses on which RPU theory is based can be found in Kelly J. et al., 2008, as well as all the mathematical steps. From our point of view, the main hypotheses that have to be satisfied are the following:
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</html>
*the reporter protein must have a half life higher than the experiment duration (we use GFPmut3, <partinfo>BBa_E0240</partinfo>, which has an estimated half life of at least 24 hours, and the experiments duration is always less than 7 hours);
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*strain, plasmid copy number, antibiotic, growth medium, growth conditions, protein generator assembled downstream of the promoter must be the same in the promoter of interest and in J23101 reference standard.
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*steady state must be valid, so (dF/dt)/ABS (proportional to the GFP synthesis rate per cell) must be constant.
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=======Inducible systems=======
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Every experiment is performed on the following cultures:
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*the culture of interest (system studied expressing GFP)
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*the benchmarck used to evaluate R.P.U. (<partinfo>BBa_K173001</partinfo> measurement part, that is <partinfo>BBa_J23101</partinfo> with <partinfo>BBa_E0240</partinfo> downstream)
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*a negative control (generally, <partinfo>BBa_B0033</partinfo> RBS)
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For inducible systems several plots are reported. The first plot is a panel containing 4 subplots, numerated this way:
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{|
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|(1)
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|(2)
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|-
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|(3)
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|}
 
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<partinfo>BBa_K2694000 AddReview 5</partinfo>
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<I>[http://2018.igem.org/Team:NDC-HighRiverAB NDC-HighRiverAB]</I>
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<b> QUALITATIVE DATA </b>
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<p>We first did a qualitative test. From the literature, we found that we could use 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and 4-nitrophenyl octanoate to test our esterase activity. Both substrates, when cleaved by an esterase, would go from clear to green, allowing us to monitor the cleavage activity visually. We set-up a time-course assay where we mixed 1mM of each nitrophenyl ester with 1% v/v Triton X-100 in 0.1M pH 7 phosphate buffer. We also tested DH5⍺ cells without any plasmid as well as the ester mixture with no cells as controls. <b>Figure 2</b> Shows the results from this experiment.</p>
 +
<p>From these results, we concluded that our bacteria was indeed cleaving the substrates, resulting in the green color. The clear control remained in the controls, showing that it was our part specifically that was inducing this change.</p>
 +
<p> We did not add IPTG to these tests, so the green colour indicates that our promoter was "leaky", allowing continual expression of our EstA without the need of IPTG. </p>
  
Plot (1) contains growth curves of the cultures, after blank value has been removed. Every curve is calculated averaging on three replicates of the same culture and subtracting the blank for each time sample. Blank is calculated averaging the replicates of blank wells.
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/7/7e/T--NDC-HighRiverAB--4nitro.jpeg" alt="A comparison of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and 4-nitrophenyl octanoate">
  
Plot (2) shows the logarithm of absorbance in exponential phase of bacterial growth, determined by a visual inspection of log-plots. These values are used to evaluate doubling time and R.P.U..
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<div>
 +
  <p>Figure 2: The top row shows centrifuge tubes containing the 4-nitrophenol ester reaction mixture for the palmitate (a) and octanoate (b) esters with no cells added. The middle row shows the response for a negative control where DH5⍺ cells without any plasmid were added to reaction mixtures containing 4-nitrophenyl-palmitate (c) or 4-nitrophenyl-octanoate (d). The bottom row shows the response for the BBa_K2694000 circuit transformed into DH5⍺ cells when added to reaction mixtures containing 4-nitrophenyl-palmitate (e) or 4-nitrophenyl-octanoate (f). All reaction mixtures were 1mM of the nitrophenyl ester with 1% v/v Triton X-100 in 0.1M pH 7 phosphate buffer.</p>
 +
</div>
  
Plot (3) contains (dGFP/dt)/O.D., the value named S_cell in Kelly J. et al., 2008 procedure for RPU evaluation.  
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<p>From these results, we concluded that our bacteria was indeed cleaving the substrates, resulting in the green color. The clear control remained in the controls, showing that it was our part specifically that was inducing this change.</p>
  
In these plots are reported black veritcal lines that define the range of values used to evaluate RPU. It is important to underline, as explained in next paragraph, that RPU are calculated on cultures at the same O.D. level, not at the same time.
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<b> QUANTITATIVE DATA </b>
 +
<p>Once we had shown that our bacteria could cleave the substrates to some extent, we wanted to try to show this more quantitatively. In collaboration with the University of Calgary’s iGEM 2018 team, we designed an experiment to test our reaction in a time course, using their spectrophotometer, in order to more accurately determine the color change. </p>
 +
<p> <b>Graph 1</b> shows the averages of the results from all our data for the absorbance values (measured at 400nm) for BBa_K2694000 breaking down 4-nitrophenyl octanoate with and without IPTG. Our control started at 0 and ended at 0.002. All other samples increased for about 660 seconds and then started to level out. This graph shows that our part, BBa_k2694000 in <i> E.coli </i> was producing the EstA protein because the solution got progressively more green with the introduction of our bacteria, but without the bacteria the control did not change colour. Based on these averages, the IPTG did not appear to have an effect on our reaction under these conditions. Our bacteria passively produces the repressor for pLac, but since we added more pLac to the system, there may not have been enough of the repressor to inhibit the production of our EstA, which may explain why IPTG did not have any effect on the reaction. </p>
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/d/df/T--NDC-HighRiverAB--Graph2.jpeg" style="width:711px;height:400px;">
 +
<p class="center"> Graph 1: Average Absorbance Rates for the Breakdown of 4-Nitrophenyl Octanoate using BBa_K2694000 With and Without IPTG. </p>
  
The second graphic shows S_cell VS O.D.. This plot allows the conparison of S_cell values between different cultures, that are supposed to reach the same level of growth not at the same time, but at the same O.D. value.  
+
<p> <b>Graph 2</b> shows the averages of the results from all our data for the absorbance values (measured at 400nm) for BBa_K2694000 breaking down 4-nitrophenyl palmitate with and without IPTG. Our control started at 0 and ended at 0.002. All other samples did not increase significantly. This shows that BBa_K2694000 is not good at breaking down the 4-nitrophenyl palmitate under these conditions. This further shows that IPTG did not have a noticeable effect on the expression of our gene. </p>
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/c/c2/T--NDC-HighRiverAB--Graph4.jpeg" style="width:711px;height:400px;">
 +
<p class="center"> Graph 2: Average Absorbance Values for the Breakdown of 4-Nitrophenyl Palmitate by BBa_K2694000 With and Without IPTG. </p>
  
The third graphic shows the induction curve. The RPU value is calculated on S_cell values corresponding to O.D. values in exponential phase (typically, from 0.05 to 0.16).
 
The curve is obtained averaging in time S_cell values corresponding to exponential phase.
 
  
Error bars rapresent the minimum and maximum value of R.P.U. belonging to the range of O.D. in exponential phase.
 
  
  
======='''Materials'''=======
 
  
*Long term glycerol stocks were stored at -80°C with a final glycerol concentration of 20%
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</html>
*Antibiotics were: Ampicillin (Amp) 100 ug/ml stored at -20°C in 1000x stocks. Amp was dissolved in water.
+
 
*LB medium was prepare with: 1% NaCl, 1% bactotryptone, 0.5% yeast extract. The medium was not buffered with NaOH.
+
*M9 supplemented medium was prepared according to: [http://openwetware.org/wiki/Knight:M9_supplemented_media Openwetware protocol].
+
*Ready made IPTG (Sigma) was stored at -20°C in a 200mM stock.
+
  
===User Reviews===
 
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<I>Username</I>
 
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Enter the review inofrmation here.
 
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<partinfo>BBa_R0011 AddReview 5</partinfo>
 
<I>Antiquity</I>
 
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This review comes from the old result system and indicates that this part worked in some test.
 
|}
 
 
<!-- DON'T DELETE --><partinfo>BBa_R0011 EndReviews</partinfo>
 
<!-- DON'T DELETE --><partinfo>BBa_R0011 EndReviews</partinfo>

Latest revision as of 03:14, 18 October 2018

This experience page is provided so that any user may enter their experience using this part.
Please enter how you used this part and how it worked out.

Applications of BBa_R0011

User Reviews

UNIQa775c9009ace9b3e-partinfo-00000000-QINU

•••••

Antiquity

This review comes from the old result system and indicates that this part worked in some test.

UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2009

UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2009's Experience: BBa_R0011 - Plac hybrid promoter

•••

UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2010

UNIPV-Pavia iGEM 2010's Experience

Washington 2010

Washington 2010's Experience: R0011 in different plasmids

••••

iGEM Kyoto 2010

We measured RPUs of R0011 in low number copy plasmid with various concentrations of IPTG

See details.

••••

iGEM11_Uppsala-Sweden

We measured RPUs of different promoters in low copy number plasmids.

See details.

;
•••••

UT-Tokyo 2011

UT-Tokyo 2011 Team has characterized this part through the test of our Firefly-Renilla Dual Luciferase Assay Kit. We succesfully evaluated the relative expression levels of BBa_R0011 with various IPTG concentration, compared to that of BBa_J23119 as a control. For experimental details, see [http://2011.igem.org/Team:UT-Tokyo our page].

;
•••••

[http://2012.igem.org/Team:Uppsala_University Uppsala University 2012]

iGEM Team Uppsala University 2012

Promoter strength

Promoter strenghts in MG1566 and DH5alpha, relative to J23101.

A promoter test was carried out to put synthetic and natural promoters on the same scale. Every promoter was assembled before B0032-SYFP2 (BBa_K864101) in the backbone BBa_K592200 (very similar to the pSB3x5 backbones). The test was performed in E coli expression strain MG1655 and cloning strain DH5alpha, by flow cytometry fluorescence measurements of single cells.

Triplicates of each strain and promoter were inoculated in 2 mL LB media with spectinomycin (50 µg/mL) and grown overnight shaking at 37° C. Samples were equilibrated in PBS solution at 1:160 dilution for one hour, and then measured by a BD Biosciences FACSaria III. 10^5 cells of each sample were individually measured and averaged, with dead and other non-flourescent cells excluded. Promoter strength is noted as fractions of the reference promoter's, J23101, strength in corresponding strain.

MG1566 DH5alpha
J23101 1 1
J23106 0.19 0.37
J23110 0.27 0.50
J23116 N/A 0.11
Plac 0.34 0.67
PlacIq 0.03 0.05
T5lac 0.217 0.54
PLlacO 0.87 N/A

The variance in expression between MG1655 and DH5α may depend on the reference J23101. The maximum protein expression may be lower in DH5α, due to its lower fitness resulting in lower expression of SYFP2 in the J23101 construct. Alternatively, the clone with J23101 in DH5α may have been weaker than average, resulting in higher RPU values compared to other DH5α.

LacI repression

The possibility of repression by lacI and induction by IPTG was evaluated in the pSB4C15Iq backbone. Cells grown with IPTG (0.5 mM) had a 100-fold increase of RFP expression, when compared to those grown without. Read about pSB4C15Iq for details.


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[http://2013.igem.org/Team:UCSF UCSF 2013]

The UCSF iGEM team tested the pLAC promoter (part BBa_R0011) by placing it in front of GFP and inducing with various concentrations of IPTG. We used this part in the design of our CRISPRi circuit and improved upon it through the following experiments:

Time curve for original pLAC promoter induced with different amount of inducers (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 uM IPTG). Cells were grow to mid-log phase and then start induction. OD600 value and GFP fluorescence level of each sample were measured by plate reader over time. GFP fluorescence were corrected for OD600 value. Error bars indicate standard deviation calculated on the basis of technical replicates.
Dose-response curve for original pLAC promoter induced with different amount of inducers (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 uM IPTG). Cells were grow to mid-log phase and then start induction. OD600 value and GFP fluorescence level of each sample were measured by plate reader after saturation. GFP fluorescence were corrected for OD600 value. The red line indicated Hill function fit of the dose-response curve and error bars indicate standard deviation calculated on the basis of technical replicates.

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[http://2018.igem.org/Team:NDC-HighRiverAB NDC-HighRiverAB]

QUALITATIVE DATA

We first did a qualitative test. From the literature, we found that we could use 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and 4-nitrophenyl octanoate to test our esterase activity. Both substrates, when cleaved by an esterase, would go from clear to green, allowing us to monitor the cleavage activity visually. We set-up a time-course assay where we mixed 1mM of each nitrophenyl ester with 1% v/v Triton X-100 in 0.1M pH 7 phosphate buffer. We also tested DH5⍺ cells without any plasmid as well as the ester mixture with no cells as controls. Figure 2 Shows the results from this experiment.

From these results, we concluded that our bacteria was indeed cleaving the substrates, resulting in the green color. The clear control remained in the controls, showing that it was our part specifically that was inducing this change.

We did not add IPTG to these tests, so the green colour indicates that our promoter was "leaky", allowing continual expression of our EstA without the need of IPTG.

A comparison of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and 4-nitrophenyl octanoate

Figure 2: The top row shows centrifuge tubes containing the 4-nitrophenol ester reaction mixture for the palmitate (a) and octanoate (b) esters with no cells added. The middle row shows the response for a negative control where DH5⍺ cells without any plasmid were added to reaction mixtures containing 4-nitrophenyl-palmitate (c) or 4-nitrophenyl-octanoate (d). The bottom row shows the response for the BBa_K2694000 circuit transformed into DH5⍺ cells when added to reaction mixtures containing 4-nitrophenyl-palmitate (e) or 4-nitrophenyl-octanoate (f). All reaction mixtures were 1mM of the nitrophenyl ester with 1% v/v Triton X-100 in 0.1M pH 7 phosphate buffer.

From these results, we concluded that our bacteria was indeed cleaving the substrates, resulting in the green color. The clear control remained in the controls, showing that it was our part specifically that was inducing this change.

QUANTITATIVE DATA

Once we had shown that our bacteria could cleave the substrates to some extent, we wanted to try to show this more quantitatively. In collaboration with the University of Calgary’s iGEM 2018 team, we designed an experiment to test our reaction in a time course, using their spectrophotometer, in order to more accurately determine the color change.

Graph 1 shows the averages of the results from all our data for the absorbance values (measured at 400nm) for BBa_K2694000 breaking down 4-nitrophenyl octanoate with and without IPTG. Our control started at 0 and ended at 0.002. All other samples increased for about 660 seconds and then started to level out. This graph shows that our part, BBa_k2694000 in E.coli was producing the EstA protein because the solution got progressively more green with the introduction of our bacteria, but without the bacteria the control did not change colour. Based on these averages, the IPTG did not appear to have an effect on our reaction under these conditions. Our bacteria passively produces the repressor for pLac, but since we added more pLac to the system, there may not have been enough of the repressor to inhibit the production of our EstA, which may explain why IPTG did not have any effect on the reaction.

Graph 1: Average Absorbance Rates for the Breakdown of 4-Nitrophenyl Octanoate using BBa_K2694000 With and Without IPTG.

Graph 2 shows the averages of the results from all our data for the absorbance values (measured at 400nm) for BBa_K2694000 breaking down 4-nitrophenyl palmitate with and without IPTG. Our control started at 0 and ended at 0.002. All other samples did not increase significantly. This shows that BBa_K2694000 is not good at breaking down the 4-nitrophenyl palmitate under these conditions. This further shows that IPTG did not have a noticeable effect on the expression of our gene.

Graph 2: Average Absorbance Values for the Breakdown of 4-Nitrophenyl Palmitate by BBa_K2694000 With and Without IPTG.


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