Difference between revisions of "AHL"

Latest revision as of 14:55, 18 June 2008

Full name: [N-]acyl-homoserine lactones

These are small signalling molecules which are employed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum_sensing "quorum sensing"] systems. They are also known as autoinducers (AIs) and are present in many Gram-negative bacteria.

"Although the target genes regulated by AIs are extremely varied, the basic mechanism of AIs biosynthesis and gene regulation seems to be conserved in different bacteria. The general feature of gene regulation by AIs is cell-density dependence, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum_sensing "quorum sensing"].

At low cell densities, the AIs are at low concentrations, and, at high cell densities, the AIs can accumulate to a concentration sufficient for activation of related regulatory genes. Because the concentration of AHL's is a key factor in determining virulence gene expression in several pathogenic bacteria, it is possible to develop a strategy for disease control by controlling production of AIs or eliminating AIs produced by pathogenic bacteria."Dong

Acyl-HSL's in different species

"In recent years, AIs have been identified in several Gram-negative bacteria. AIs are involved in the regulation of a range of biological functions, including Ti plasmid conjugal transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, induction of virulence genes in Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia stewartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xenorhabdus nematophilus, regulation of antibiotic production in Pseudomonas aureofaciens and E. carotovora, regulation of swarming motility in Serratia liquefaciens, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. Many more bacterial species are known to produce AIs, but the relevant biological functions have not yet been established."Dong

Full Name	Molecule abbreviation	Species	Notes	Source
Butanoyl-homoserine lactone	C4HSL	Pseudomonas aeruginosa		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09945 Sigma Aldrich (#09945)]
N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone ([http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=8278364 Reference])	3OC12HSL	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Las system signaling molecule Part:BBa_C0078	[http://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/10007895/tab/data/a/z Cayman Chemicals (#10007895)]
3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone	3OC6HSL	V. fischeri	Lux system signaling molecule	[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/K3007 Sigma Aldrich (#K3007)]
Hexanoyl-homoserine lactone	C6HSL	C. violaceum	Very similar to 3OC6HSL	[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09926 Sigma Aldrich (#09926)]
Heptanoyl-homoserine lactone	C7HSL	E. psidii R. IBSBF 435T		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10939 Sigma Aldrich (#10939)]
Octanoyl-homoserine lactone	C8HSL	B. cepacia, V. fischeri		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10940 Sigma Aldrich (#10940)]
3-oxoctanoyl-homoserine lactone	3OC8HSL	A. tumefaciens		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/O1764 Sigma Aldrich (#O1764)]
Decanoyl-homoserine lactone	C10HSL	B. pseudomallei		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/17248 Sigma Aldrich (#17248)]
Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone	C12HSL	Synthetic		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/17247 Sigma Aldrich (#17247)]
Tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone	C14HSL	Synthetic		[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10937 Sigma Aldrich (#10937)]

Related Pages

Featured Parts:Cell-Cell-Signaling - A listing of parts relating to the Lux operon's signalling system

References

Engebrecht pmid=6377310
Dong pmid=10716724
Collins pmid=15660998

</biblio>

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 "Although the target genes regulated by AIs are extremely varied, the basic mechanism of AIs biosynthesis and gene regulation seems to be conserved in different bacteria. The general feature of gene regulation by AIs is cell-density dependence, also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum_sensing "quorum sensing"].
-At low cell densities, the AIs are at low concentrations, and, at high cell densities, the AIs can accumulate to a concentration sufficient for activation of related regulatory genes. Because the concentration of AHL's is a key factor in determining virulence gene expression in several pathogenic bacteria, it is possible to develop a strategy for disease control by controlling production of AIs or eliminating AIs produced by pathogenic bacteria." [1]
+At low cell densities, the AIs are at low concentrations, and, at high cell densities, the AIs can accumulate to a concentration sufficient for activation of related regulatory genes. Because the concentration of AHL's is a key factor in determining virulence gene expression in several pathogenic bacteria, it is possible to develop a strategy for disease control by controlling production of AIs or eliminating AIs produced by pathogenic bacteria."<cite>Dong</cite>
 ==Acyl-HSL's in different species==
-"In recent years, AIs have been identified in several Gram-negative bacteria. AIs are involved in the regulation of a range of biological functions, including Ti plasmid conjugal transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, induction of virulence genes in Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia stewartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xenorhabdus nematophilus, regulation of antibiotic production in Pseudomonas aureofaciens and E. carotovora, regulation of swarming motility in Serratia liquefaciens, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. Many more bacterial species are known to produce AIs, but the relevant biological functions have not yet been established."[1]
+"In recent years, AIs have been identified in several Gram-negative bacteria. AIs are involved in the regulation of a range of biological functions, including Ti plasmid conjugal transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, induction of virulence genes in Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia stewartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xenorhabdus nematophilus, regulation of antibiotic production in Pseudomonas aureofaciens and E. carotovora, regulation of swarming motility in Serratia liquefaciens, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. Many more bacterial species are known to produce AIs, but the relevant biological functions have not yet been established."<cite>Dong</cite>
 {|{{Table}}
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |Butanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C4HSL
-|''P. aeruginosa''
+|''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09945 Sigma Aldrich (#09945)]
 |align='center'|[[Image:Butryl-homoserine lactone.GIF|100px]]
+|-
+|N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone ([http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=8278364 Reference])
+|3OC12HSL
+|''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''
+|Las system signaling molecule [[Part:BBa_C0078]]
+|[http://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/10007895/tab/data/a/z Cayman Chemicals (#10007895)]
+|align='center'|[[Image:3OC12HSL.jpg|100px]]
 |-
 |[[3OC6HSL|3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone]]
@@ Line 37: / Line 44: @@
 |Hexanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C6HSL
-|
+|''C. violaceum''
 |Very similar to 3OC6HSL
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09926 Sigma Aldrich (#09926)]
@@ Line 44: / Line 51: @@
 |Heptanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C7HSL
-|
+|''E. psidii'' R. IBSBF 435T
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10939 Sigma Aldrich (#10939)]
@@ Line 51: / Line 58: @@
 |Octanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C8HSL
-|
+|''B. cepacia'', ''V. fischeri''
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10940 Sigma Aldrich (#10940)]
 |align='center'|[[Image:Octanoyl-homoserine lactone.GIF|100px]]
+|-
+|3-oxoctanoyl-homoserine lactone
+|3OC8HSL
+|''A. tumefaciens''
+|
+|[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/O1764 Sigma Aldrich (#O1764)]
+|align='center'|[[Image:3-Oxooctanoyl-L-homoserine lactone2.GIF|125px]]
 |-
 |Decanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C10HSL
-|
+|''B. pseudomallei ''
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/17248 Sigma Aldrich (#17248)]
@@ Line 65: / Line 79: @@
 |Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone
 |C12HSL
-|
+|Synthetic
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/17247 Sigma Aldrich (#17247)]
 |align='center'|[[Image:Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone.GIF|100px]]
 |-
-|Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone
+|Tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone
-|C12HSL
+|C14HSL
-|
+|Synthetic
 |
 |[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/10937 Sigma Aldrich (#10937)]
@@ Line 82: / Line 96: @@
 ==References==
-# Dong et al. "AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora" . PNAS 2000. [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/97/7/3526 link]
+<biblio>
-# Collins, C.H. et al. Directed Evolution of V. Fischeri LuxR for increased acyl-HSL's.  Molecular Microbiology.  2005. [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04437.x Abstract]
+#Engebrecht pmid=6377310
+#Dong pmid=10716724
+#Collins pmid=15660998
+</biblio>