Part:BBa_K4440002
Tyr1
Yeast optimized tyrosinase producing gene
Usage and Biology
The Tyr1 gene encodes tyrosinase, an enzyme that mediates the synthesis of melanin precursors (L-Dopa, dopaquinone) from the amino acid tyrosine. Aromatic acids are synthesized in S. cerevisiae natively in the shikimate pathway (Fig. 1), but this yeast does not have the capacity to synthesize melanin. Hence, additional enzymes must be introduced (Fig. 2).
Most tyrosinase enzymes are heterodimeric complexes, but the one from Bacillus megaterium, which is presented here, functions as a homodimer, simplifying its use. We found that tyrosinase catalyzes all reactions in the pathway (tyrosine - L-Dopa, L-Dopa - Dopaquinone), and research and modeling demonstrated it to be highly efficient and active in yeast cells (Tisma et al., 2009)
The tyr1 coding sequence from Bacillus megaterium (Xiaolin Shen et. al, 2019) was taken, followed by removal of selected restriction sites and codon optimization for use in yeast.
In order to test the activity of tyrosinase in yeast, the tyrosinase was overexpressed using the inducible GAL1 promoter. This led to a change in the color of the culture indicating that some pigments are produced (Fig. 3). These experiments showed that tyrosinase Tyr1 from B. megaterium is active in yeast.
References:
- Gustavsson, M., Hörnström, D., Lundh, S., Belotserkovsky, J., & Larsson, G. (2016). Biocatalysis on the surface of Escherichia coli: melanin pigmentation of the cell exterior. Scientific Reports 2016 6:1, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36117
- Tišma, M., Zelić, B., Vasić-Rački, D., Žnidaršič-Plazl, P., & Plazl, I. (2009). Modeling of laccase-catalyzed l-DOPA oxidation in a microreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal, 149(1–3), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2009.01.025
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
- 1000COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
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