Part:BBa_K3716007

Consensus T7 promoter

Consensus T7 promoter

Usage and Biology

In iGEM 2021, Team iBowu-China adopted T7 promoters in combination with gusA sequence from E. coli and other sources to express an enzyme β-glucuronidase. In our design, we tested the use of a past T7 promoter established by QHFZ-China-2020 whose sequence is modified shorter. We noted a difference between the old part and our part, a complete T7 promoter with four more bases added [1, 2]: the 2020 QHFZ-China T7 promoter can not start the expression of sfGFP in its downstream, while the complete T7 promoter with four more bases can. We further established, measured and documented the complete T7 promoter as an improvement on the QHFZ-China-2020 part. One can refer to this page the old part, T7 BBa_K3457003 ( BBa_K3457003 ).

Figure.1. The plasmid constructions used for the expression and measurement of parts.

Figure.2. Differences between the T7 promoter sequence by QHFZ-China-2020 and the T7 promoter sequence by iBowu-China-2020.

In Figure 2, the first promoter sequence is the short T7 promoter part BBa_K3457003 from QHFZ-China-2020, while the second T7 promoter is in full length with four more bases, documented on the this page.

Introduction

T7 promoter is a commonly used promoter, which can be recognized by T7 RNA polymerase and efficiently transcribe downstream genes. This year we used T7 promoters to express sfGFP or β-glucuronidase enzyme in strains such as E. coli BL21 (DE3) to produce green fluorescence, or to convert glycyrrhizic acid into glycyrrhetinic acid. We used the T7 promoter part K3457003 established and measured by QHFZ-China 2020, but we found that this element cannot initiate downstream gene expression. Further research found that after adding four bases of GGAA to it, the function returned to normal. In fact we found that pet28a, a commonly used expression vector, has two connected features on its sequence, the T7 promoter and the LacO sequence, and these two sequences actually overlap. Specifically, the overlap is the four GGAAs at the end of the T7 promoter. The bases are also included in the LacO feature. We guess that QHFZ-China 2020 overlooked this problem when splitting these two elements, resulting in the lack of four necessary bases in the T7 promoter designed. In addition, according to the literature [1, 2], we have designed three other promoters, C4, H9 and G6. They can also be activated by T7 RNA polymerase, but the strength is different from that of T7 promoter, so that users can choose the right promoter according to the required expression strength.

Protocol

1. Transform the plasmids into E. coli BL21(DE3)
2. Pick a single colony by a sterile tip from each of the LB plates for all the experimental and control groups. Add the colony into 4ml LB medium with kanamycin. Add 1mM IPTG to all experimental groups as needed. Incubate at 37℃ in a shaker overnight.
3. Fluorescence. Acquire 100 ul bacteria culture and centrifuge at 10000g for 1 min. Aspirate the supernatant and resuspend with 100 ul ddH2O to get rid of the fluorescence background from LB medium. Add 100 µl sample solution into a sterile 96-well plate. Measure fluorescence with a microplate reader and then also measure OD600 for normalization.
4. SDS-PAGE.
   1. Take 1ml of bacterial solution, centrifuge at 12000g for 1min at 4℃, discard the supernatant, add 100ul of pre-cooled RIPA lysate (high), vortex to mix, settle for 5min, centrifuge at 4℃, 12000g for 10min, and take the supernatant which contains the protein extract. After protein quantification by BCA method using commercial test box, adjust the concentration of the protein solution to 1mg/ml. Take 4 parts of the protein solution and 1 part of 5X protein loading buffer and mix it in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, centrifuge at 12000g at 4°C for 10 minutes, take the supernatant, and store on ice. Use precast gel purchased from commercial company (Transgen, Precast Tris-Glycine Gel) for protein electrophoresis.
   2. Add marker in the first lane on the left at 5μl, and add sample on all other lanes with 10ul sample on each lane. Use 100V for electrophoresis. After the electrophoresis, take out the gel, put it in the staining box, add Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye solution to about 3mm below the gel surface, shake on a horizontal shaker, dye for 30min at room temperature, discard the dye solution, wash off the floating color with distilled water, and add decolorization liquid, decolorize on a horizontal shaker until the result is in good condition for taking pictures.
5. Enzyme Activity
   1. Take 100 ul of bacterial solution, centrifuge at 10000g for 1min at room temperature and discard the supernatant. Resuspend with 100ul ddH2O, and add into this solution 100ul of standard test solution I (containing Phenolphthalein-β-D-glucuronide, and the test box was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotech company). Incubate the mixture at 37C for 1 hour.
   2. Observe the solution. pink or purple color indicates positive enzyme activity. Quantitatively the activity can be measured by OD540 reading on a microplate reader, divided by its OD600 reading for normalization of concentration.

Results

We added the above-mentioned promoters to the upstream of the sfGFP gene, and determine the intensity of each promoter by measuring its green fluorescence.

Figure 4. Green Fluorescence emitted by sfGFP from different promoters.

We also put the T7 promoter with GGAA in the upstream of the β-glucuronidase enzyme. Through SDS-PAGE, it can be found that this composite part can efficiently initiate the expression of the β-glucuronidase enzyme.

Figure 5. Expression of β-glucuronidase with Iptg induction, in the composite part including full T7 with GGAA tail. The red arrow marked the expected size band around 67 kDa where the enzyme is expected to be located. Control groups where there is no Iptg induction for the same plasmid and where the sequence was completely removed (labeled Pet) showed no intrinsic protein exists in the expected bands.

Further, the β-glucuronidase enzyme has been proved to show enzyme activity.

Figure 6. Measurement of enzyme activities and comparisons between the β-glucuronidase sequence with the full length T7 promoter (iBowu-China-2021 part) and a control group (vacant-pet).

Summary

T7 K3457003 does not have the ability to initiate transcription. T7 part K3716007 ( K3716009 from iBowu-China-2021), which has been added with a tail of 4 bases GGAA, has this ability. Several other promoters mutated from this T7 promoter can also initiate transcription, but the strengths are different and not consistent with those reported in the literature [1, 2]. You can choose a promoter reasonably according to the needs of expression intensity and strength.

References

[1] Jones, J., Vernacchio, V., Lachance, D. et al. ePathOptimize: A Combinatorial Approach for Transcriptional Balancing of Metabolic Pathways. Sci Rep 5, 11301 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11301

[2] Adams, A. M., Kaplan, N. A., Wei, Z. et al. In vivo production of psilocybin in E. coli. Metabolic Engineering, vol 56 p111-119, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2019.09.009.

Contribution of BWYA in 2024

We contributed to the data of an existing iGEM part, a consensus T7 promoter (BBa_K3716007). We used this T7 promoter together with a LacO to control the expression of antibody proteins, anti-IL-6-scFv, and anti-CA125-scFv.

T7 promoter is a commonly used promoter, which can be recognized by T7 RNA polymerase and efficiently transcribe downstream genes. It is generally a strong promoter that can result in 5 times more heterogeneous expression of the inserted genes compared to generic E. coli genes.

This effect is usually desirable in production of proteins, but often it would also lead to misfolding due to high protein production rate, especially in the case of antibodies, whose structures are complex and require more folding.

We tuned down the working concentration of IPTG upon induction, and the experiment results showed successful expression of both anti-IL-6-scFv and anti-CA125-scFv.

Fig 1. Successful expression of two scFv antibodies with T7 promoter.

Fig 2. Improved expression of the antibody scFv with T7 promoter in a new strain, E. coli Shuffle T7.

Solubilisation of Inclusion Bodies

Figure 4. Using NLS to resolubilize the inclusion bodies can result in the purification of the anti-CA125 scFv and anti-IL-6 scFv.

The previous experimental results showed that after the production of anti-CA125 scFv, a lot of it existed in the form of inclusion bodies. In order to solubilize the protein within the inclusion bodies, we attempted purification with non-denaturing agents.

Experiment procedure:
1、Collect cell pellets after bacteria culture fermentation, resuspend the pellets with 20 mM Tris-Cl, and lysis with ultrasonication;
2、Separate supernatant and precipitations, and dissolve the precipitations with non-denaturing agents.
3、Pass the above re-dissolved solution through Ni column and wash with 5 column volume.
4. Elute with 2 to 3 column volumes of elution buffer.
5. Collect the protein eluate and concentrate it.

Non-denaturing solvent/wash buffer:
1% (w/v) N-lauroyl sarcosine (NLS) [1] ，300 mM NaCl ，50 mM Tris-Cl ，pH 8.0

Elution Buffer：
0.1% (w/v) NLS ，300 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-Cl ，300 mM Imidazole ，pH 8.0

The SDS-Page run after purification and elution clearly shows a clear band for the anti-CA125 scFv and it proves the anti-CA125 scFv can be properly solubilized. We estimated the production quantity of this scFv to be 4 mg/L.

References

[1] Şahinbaş, D., & Çelik, E. (2023). Enhanced production and single-step purification of biologically active recombinant anti-IL6 scFv from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Process Biochemistry, 133, 151-157.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]