Part:BBa_K3457034

T7-Olac-RBS-CAHS 106094

    This biological part is the expression sequence of Cytosolic-abundant heat soluble protein 106094, also called CAHS 106094. It is a kind of Tardigrade intrinsically Disordered Protein (TDP). It is a heat soluble protein found from Tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini in 2017 ^[1]. Tardigrade, also called water bear, is a kind of tenacious organism. It can survive extreme environment, such as desiccation, freeze and vacuum. The super capacity of Tardigrade partially owes to TDPs. Here we found that expressing this protein can help bacteria survive the freeze-drying process and then the resultant dry bacteria powder can be stored for a long time at room temperature.

Group: QHFZ-China iGEM 2020

Design

Figure 1. The Schematic cartoon of the DNA construct of BBa_K3457034.

    This part should be composed of a T7 promoter, RBS B0034, CDS of CAHS 106094 BBa_K3457012 (TDP), and a T7 terminator. However, we added another terminator B0015 before the T7 terminator. The reason is that if the T7 promoter is changed into other promoters, such as J23100, the corresponding RNA polymerase changed from T7 RNAP to endogenous RNAP of E. coli, which can be stopped by terminator B0015. In other words, the added terminator made the part easier to be modified. In the cartoon (Fig. 1), there are two points around the T7 promoter. They are two BsaI cutting site, which can be used to change the T7 promoter by Golden Gate technique.

Documentation:

Introduction:

    This year, we tried to introduce a new biopreservation method. We used freeze-drying to make the engineered into dry powder. Then the powder can be stored at room temperature for a long time. This method can make the storage of bacteria get rid of ultra-low temperature freezer, so that it will promote the practical application of engineered bacteria out of laboratory. However, the stresses during freeze-drying and subsequent dry storage, including freeze, dry and vacuum, are lethal to bacteria. We use TDPs, including CAHS 106094, to help bacteria survive the situation.

Protocol:

    To test the effect of CAHS 106094, we modified a frequently and widely used vector, pet28a+ and put this part into it (Fig. 2). Then we transformed the plasmid into E. coli BL21 strain.

Figure 2. The Schematic cartoon of the vector.

    Then we used the following protocols to verify its function (Fig. 3):

Figure 3. Experiment protocol.

【Day 1】Induction culture
(1) Pick clones which are in good condition and put them into 500 μL LB medium containing antibiotics. Shake them to grow at 37℃ for 5~7 hours until the bacteria solution becomes turbid.
(2) Add 2 mM iPTG into 3 mL LB medium containing antibiotics. Add 3 μL of the bacteria solution mentioned in step 1 to dilute the bacteria by the ratio of 1:1000. Shake the solution to grow the bacteria at 37℃ overnight.
【Day 2】Freeze-dried
(1) If fluorescence induced by the iPTG is detectable in the control group (GFP), continue conducting the experiment.
(2) Use spectrophotometer to measure the OD₆₀₀ of the bacteria solution, OD₆₀₀ = 1 equals to 10⁹ cells. If the OD₆₀₀ value is between 0.1 and 1, There is a linear relationship between OD₆₀₀ and bacterial density. Calculate the volume of bacterial solution for 10⁹ cells by using the formula V = 100 / (OD₆₀₀ × Dilution ratio).
(3) Take out a measured amount of 10⁹ cells and centrifuge it at 8000 rpm for 3 min. Then pour out the supernatant.
(4) Resuspend the bacteria in a 15 mL tube with pre-refrigerated 100 μL 3% glucose solution.
(5) Take off the cover of the tube and put the bacteria into the cold trap. Open the compressor of the lyophilization machine and freeze the shake tube for 2 h at -70℃.
(6) Put the caky bacteria solution into the drying chamber of the lyophilization machine. Open the vacuum pump to dry it in vacuum for 6h at 1 Pa vacuum degree.
(7) Turn off the vacuum pump, place it at seal box filled with silica-gel desiccant a for 2 days at room temperature.
【Day 3】Room temperature storage
【Day 4】Detect the survival rate
(1) Add 1 mL of sterile water to the tube, vortex for 15 s, placed it at room temperature for 10 min.
(2) Adjust the density of the bacteria solution by gradient dilution, then spread 100 μL of the bacteria solution on the LB plate.
(3) If the density above is not suitable, take 100μL of the solution and spread it on the LB plate after several gradient dilutions.
(4) Culture the bacteria overnight at 37℃.
【Day 5】Cell Count
(1) Take out the LB plate and take photos to record experimental results.
(2) Use the automatic cell counting function of Image J to count the colone number on the LB plate, then compare the results between each group.

Results:

    First, by a reporter, sfGFP, we confirmed that the plasmid can normally expressed exogenous proteins in E. coli BL21 strain (Fig. 4). Via SDS-PAGE, we observed the band of CAHS 106094, further verified the successfully expression (Fig.5).

Figure 4. Via a reporter, sfGFP, the expression function of the modified pet28a vector was verified.

Figure 5. CAHS 106094 was expressed as expected.

Then, by freeze-drying and recover experiment, we found that compared with the control group (sfGFP), the bacteria expressing CAHS 106094 had a better survival rate (Fig. 6). We placed an enlarged picture as well (Fig. 7).

Figure 6. CAHS 106094 protected bacteria during freeze-drying and subsequent dry storage.

Figure 7. An enlarged picture of fig. 6.

Summary:

    CAHS 106094 helps the bacteria survive freeze-drying and subsequent dry storage. To achieve that, you need only to transform the sequence into your bacteria. You can also use the part to express and purify CAHS 106094 through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. The purified CAHS 106094 can be used to protect protein products.

Reference:

[1] Boothby, T.C., Tapia, H., Brozena, A.H., Piszkiewicz, S., Smith, A.E., Giovannini, I., Rebecchi, L., Pielak, G.J., Koshland, D., and Goldstein, B. (2017). Tardigrades Use Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Survive Desiccation. Mol Cell 65, 975-984 e975.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

• 10
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
• 12
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]

  Illegal NheI site found at 939
  
• 21
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
• 23
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
• 25
  COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
• 1000
  INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

  Illegal BsaI site found at 27
  Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 2