User:Scmohr/Antibiotic-res cat page

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Revision as of 18:13, 28 July 2008 by Scmohr (Talk | contribs) (→‎3. Membrane-embedded Efflux Pumps)

Antibiotic Resistance Parts

Introduction to Antibiotic Resistance

The established mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include the following:

  1. Enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic [famously (a). beta-lactamases that destroy penicillins and related compounds and (b) enzymes that acetylate chloramphenicol].
  2. Proteins that keep antibiotics out of the cell (by blocking the outer-membrane pores).
  3. Membrane-embedded channel proteins that actively pump antibiotics out of the cell.
  4. Proteins (and RNAs) with altered drug binding sites. (Vancomycin resistance comes from a switch in the chemistry of the cell-wall cross-linking peptide). This category also includes mutations in ribosomal RNA -- ribosomes are one of the main targets of both prokaryote- and eukaryote-directed antibiotics.
  5. Proteins that enable substitution of an alternative metabolic pathway (as in the case of sulfonamide resistance).

Parts by Category

NB Parts listed in boldface are "good" parts ["Available" and (in most cases) "Work"].

1. Antibiotic-inactivating Enzymes

Basic parts
BBa_J31002
BBa_J31003
BBa_J23012
BBa_J31004
BBa_J31005
Plasmids
BBa_K125000

2. Membrane-blocking Proteins

3. Membrane-embedded Efflux Pumps

Basic parts
BBa_J31006
BBa_J31007

4. Altered Target Molecules

BBa_J42010

5. Components of Alternative Metabolic Pathways

Useful Information about Antibiotic Resistance

Links

Aminoglycoside Resistance

This category includes kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, amikacin...

http://www.antibioresistance.be/aminoglycosides.html

http://openwetware.org/wiki/Kanamycin

Tetracycline Resistance

This category includes three different resistance mechanisms. Related antibiotics are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin. Note that the TetR gene encodes a very popular repressor that is frequently used in synthetic biology simply as a single control element in cells that do not express tetracycline resistance. [Check this.]

http://www.antibioresistance.be/Tetracycline/Menu_Tet.html

http://openwetware.org/wiki/Tetracycline

http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/5/4/387