Revision as of 13:55, 1 October 2024

GraR

Usage and Biology

GraR is known for its role in β-lactam resistance by upregulating cell wall biosynthesis genes, altering cell wall composition, and increasing expression of ABC-transporters (El-Halfawy et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2012; Meehl et al., 2007). The GraSR system is a two-component regulatory system that controls the expression of many genes involved in stress response, cell wall metabolism and virulence pathways in Staphylococcus aureus (Falord et al., 2011).

Accordingly, GraR functions as a transcription factor and our cell-based antiobiotics sensor utilises it as such by aiming for its PknB-dependent phyosphorylation (K5317013).

Cloning

Theoretical Part Design

This part was codon optimised for human cell lines and was synthesised by Eurofins.

Sequence and Features

Assembly Compatibility:

10
INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
Illegal XbaI site found at 235
12
COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
21
COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
23
INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
Illegal XbaI site found at 235
25
INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
Illegal XbaI site found at 235
1000
COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Characterization

The GraR functionality was analyzed by composing a gene cassette fused with the reporter gene mRuby2 K5317001 to assess GraR cell localization based on the fluorescent signal with unstimulated ampicillin conditions. Please visit the K5317020 registry entry to view the results.

References

El-Halfawy, O. M., Czarny, T. L., Flannagan, R. S., Day, J., Bozelli, J. C., Kuiack, R. C., Salim, A., Eckert, P., Epand, R. M., McGavin, M. J., Organ, M. G., Heinrichs, D. E., & Brown, E. D. (2020). Discovery of an antivirulence compound that reverses β-lactam resistance in MRSA. Nature Chemical Biology, 16(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-019-0401-8

Falord, M., Mäder, U., Hiron, A., Débarbouillé, M., & Msadek, T. (2011). Investigation of the Staphylococcus aureus GraSR Regulon Reveals Novel Links to Virulence, Stress Response and Cell Wall Signal Transduction Pathways. PLoS ONE, 6(7), e21323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021323

Meehl, M., Herbert, S., Götz, F., & Cheung, A. (2007). Interaction of the GraRS Two-Component System with the VraFG ABC Transporter To Support Vancomycin-Intermediate Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , 51(8), 2679–2689. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00209-07

Yang, S.-J., Bayer, A. S., Mishra, N. N., Meehl, M., Ledala, N., Yeaman, M. R., Xiong, Y. Q., & Cheung, A. L. (2012). The Staphylococcus aureus Two-Component Regulatory System, GraRS, Senses and Confers Resistance to Selected Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. Infection and Immunity, 80(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.05669-11

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 =Characterization=
-The ccpA functionality was analyzed by composing a gene cassette fused with the reporter gene mRuby2  <span class="plainlinks">[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5317001 K5317001]</span> to assess ccpA cell localization based on the fluorescent signal with ampicllin unstimulated conditions. Please visit the <span class="plainlinks">[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5317020 K5317020]</span> registry entry to view the results.
+The GraR functionality was analyzed by composing a gene cassette fused with the reporter gene mRuby2  <span class="plainlinks">[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5317001 K5317001]</span> to assess GraR cell localization based on the fluorescent signal with unstimulated ampicillin conditions. Please visit the <span class="plainlinks">[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5317020 K5317020]</span> registry entry to view the results.
 =References=