Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K4235000"

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===Protein Modeling===  
 
===Protein Modeling===  
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===Characterization===
 
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File:PROS1 Ecoli insert gel.jpg
 
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https://parts.igem.org/File:PROS1_Ecoli_insert_gel.jpg
 
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<img src="https://parts.igem.org/File:PROS1_Ecoli_insert_gel.jpg#filelinks" width="600px" height="400px"
 
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<figure style="width:50%;margin-right:5%">
 
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<img src="https://parts.igem.org/File:PROS1_Ecoli_insert_gel.jpg" width="600px" height="400px"
 
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alt='2ker'/>
 
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<figcaption>Wells 1,3,5,7,9 are undigested pET16b containing the Kanamycin-4HT-intein, and wells 2,4,6,8,10 are pET16b and intein digested with NotI.
 
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https://parts.igem.org/File:PROS1_Ecoli_insert_gel.jpg#filelinks
 
  
 
===Future Direction===
 
===Future Direction===

Revision as of 03:48, 13 September 2022


Human Protein S Gene (PROS1)
Codon optimized for sf9 cells

Usage and Biology

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that functions to prevent hypercoagulation of the blood. It serves as a non enzymatic cofactor for activated Protein C and is involved in the inactivation of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. Protein S exists in two states in plasma, about 40% circulates as a free, functionally active form and the remaining 60% exists in the inactive form bound with C4b-binding protein. Protein S is secreted by hepatocytes, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, etc. The initial form of secreted protein S is a 676 amino acid precursor protein, which undergoes a cleavage of a signal peptide present at the N-terminal, resulting in the mature 635 amino acid protein. Functionally active Protein S can directly bind to inhibit factor IXa, which activates factor X to Xa. Factor Xa and Va together form the prothrombinase complex responsible for activation of thrombin. Moreover, by acting as a cofactor for activated protein C, protein S promotes the cleavage of Factor VIIIa and Va, inhibiting the coagulation cascades.


Mutations in this gene (inherited as an autosomal dominant, homozygous or heterozygous fashion) cause non-functional or lower plasma levels of Protein S resulting in a Protein S deficiency. Individuals with Protein S deficiency are at an increased risk of developing abnormal blood clots, specifically in the smaller veins, known as venous thromboembolism. Two most common conditions associated with Protein S deficiency are deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Although rare, infants with severe protein S deficiency can develop several blood clots throughout the body, resulting in a life threatening condition known as purpura fulminans. Moreover, severe COVID-19 infections are known to cause a decline in protein S levels, which further contributes to infection severity by causing extensive endothelial dysfunction and lung damage, which is a major cause of COVID-related mortality.

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
    Illegal EcoRI site found at 2028
    Illegal XbaI site found at 1341
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal EcoRI site found at 2028
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal EcoRI site found at 2028
  • 23
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
    Illegal EcoRI site found at 2028
    Illegal XbaI site found at 1341
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal EcoRI site found at 2028
    Illegal XbaI site found at 1341
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Protein Modeling

Future Direction

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References

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). PROS1 protein S [homo sapiens (human)] - gene - NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved August 2, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). CCDS report for consensus cds. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved August 2, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CCDS/CcdsBrowse.cgi?REQUEST=CCDS&GO=MainBrowse&DATA=CCDS2923.1

Majumder, R., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Protein S: function, regulation, and clinical perspectives. Current opinion in hematology, 28(5), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000663

Pilli, V. S., Plautz, W., & Majumder, R. (2016). The Journey of Protein S from an Anticoagulant to a Signaling Molecule. JSM biochemistry and molecular biology, 3(1), 1014.