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Revision as of 03:28, 3 September 2021

TEV protease

Structure of the spike(S) protein

The spike(S) protein is a highly glycosylated protein embedded in the viral envelope of coronaviruses. There are three critical parts of the S protein: a γ carboxyglutamate-rich domain (Gla domain) in the amino terminus prepared for the binding with the phosphatidylserine located in the apoptotic cells or virus particles, four epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domains, and one sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) domain which consists of two globular laminin G-like (LG) domains.

The function of the S protein in SARS-CoV-2 infection

The spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in penetrating host cells and initiating infection. There are two function domains of the S protein, the S1 and the S2. The S1 domain has the specialized ability to bind with the ACE2 of the alveolar epithelial cells. After the S protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 binds with the extracellular domain of the ACE2 on the alveolar epithelial cells, the extracellular domain of the ACE will be lysed and the remaining SARS-CoV-2-ACE complex will be internalized with the assist of the Clathrin. After the fusion between the lipid bilayers of the SARS-CoV-2 and the alveolar epithelial cell, the RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 can finally be released and inserted into the targeted gene sequence to conduct virus replication. Considering the crucial role the S protein plays in the SARS-CoV-2 infection process, we are determined to construct a replication-defective pseudo- SARS-CoV-2 by expressing the S protein in the replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (Delta-G-VSV pseudovirus). The sequence of the spike protein is from GenBank (YP_009724390), and we ordered the DNA from a synthesis company.

Sequence and Features