Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K1129045"
 
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<partinfo>BBa_K1129045 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K1129045 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
  
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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction converting L-phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is the first and committed step in the phenyl propanoid pathway and is therefore involved in the biosynthesis of the polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and lignin in plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is found widely in plants, as well as some yeast and fungi, with isoenzymes existing within many different species. It has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The activity of PAL is induced dramatically in response to various stimuli such as tissue wounding, pathogenic attack, light, low temperatures, and hormones. PAL has recently been studied for possible therapeutic benefits in humans afflicted with phenylketonuria. It has also been used in the generation of L-phenylalanine as precursor of the sweetener aspartame.
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Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. PAL is the first committed enzyme in the Phenylpropanoid pathway and is therefore involved in lignin degradation. PAL’s can be found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and it has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The deaminating action of PAL is conserved among the ammonia Lyase family that includes Histadine Ammonia Lyase, and Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase.
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The enzyme is a member of the ammonia lyase family, which cleaves carbon-nitrogen bonds. Like other lyases, phenylalanine requires only one substrate for the forward reaction, but two for the reverse. It is thought to be mechanistically similar to the related enzyme histidine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.3, HAL). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming). Previously, it was designated EC 4.3.1.5, but that class has been redesignated as EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyases), EC 4.3.1.25 (tyrosine ammonia-lyases), and EC 4.3.1.26 (phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyases). Other names in common use include tyrase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase, phenylalanine ammonium-lyase, PAL, and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
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‘’’References’’’
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'''Useful resources'''
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1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
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1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
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2) http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00940
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3) http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25872
  
  

Latest revision as of 02:48, 28 September 2013

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase under pTET constitutive promoter

Const.+rbs+PAL

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 7
    Illegal NheI site found at 30
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 2151
    Illegal BamHI site found at 413
    Illegal XhoI site found at 464
    Illegal XhoI site found at 527
    Illegal XhoI site found at 545
    Illegal XhoI site found at 623
    Illegal XhoI site found at 824
    Illegal XhoI site found at 1067
    Illegal XhoI site found at 1814
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 983
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1229
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1397
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1540
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1874
  • 1000
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
    Illegal BsaI site found at 524
    Illegal BsaI site found at 854
    Illegal BsaI site found at 860
    Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 1985
    Illegal SapI site found at 814

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. PAL is the first committed enzyme in the Phenylpropanoid pathway and is therefore involved in lignin degradation. PAL’s can be found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and it has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The deaminating action of PAL is conserved among the ammonia Lyase family that includes Histadine Ammonia Lyase, and Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase.

Useful resources

1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase

2) http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00940

3) http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25872