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| − | __NOTOC__
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| − | <partinfo>BBa_K200003 short</partinfo><br>
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| − | Rfal (Waal ligase) is an enzyme responsible for the ligation of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigen#O-antigen O-antigen] to the core [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide oligosaccharide] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria Gram-negative] bacterium's outer membrane.
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| − | Unlike other exopolysaccharides, colanic acid does not naturally bind to the cell surface but rather forms a thick mesh between cells. While Waal Ligase usually links the O-antigen to the core oligosaccharide, in K-12 it links colanic acid to the core oligosaccharide. This is because E.coli K-12 does not produce O-antigen due to an insertion mutation.
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| − | ===Usage and Biology===
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| − | [[Image:II09_LPS.jpg|100px|frame|left|<i>Figure 1:</i> LPS structure (source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_antigen wikipedia])]]
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| − | LipoPolySaccharyde (LPS) is a major component of the outer cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria. It is constituted of three main components: the O-antigen, the core polysaccharides and the lipid A (see Fig. 1).<br>
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| − | The O-antigen is a highly variable chain of polysaccharydes and is physically linked to the core.<br>
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| − | The core component is made up of a short chain of sugars (oligosaccharide) and is linked to both the O-antigen and the Lipid A components of the cell wall.<br>
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| − | The Lipid A component of the LPS contains fatty acid chains which causes the LPS to dock into the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterium.<br>
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| − | In the majority of E.coli, the enzyme Rfal joins the O-antigen to the membrane-bound lipid core molecule. Since the K-12 strain has an insertion mutation in the gene coding for O-antigen, the enzyme Rfal is free to join colanic acid to the lipid core.
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| − | <br><br>The gene was used alongside [[Part:BBa_K200000 |RcsB]] and [[Part:BBa_K200002 |YgiV]] as part of the Imperial iGEM 2009 [http://2009.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London <i>The E.ncapsulator</i>] project to bind the colanic acid capsule to the cellular membrane.
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| − | <br><br><br><br><br>
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| − | <span class='h3bb'><b>Sequence and Features</b></span>
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| − | <partinfo>BBa_K200003 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
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| − | <br>
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| − | ===Requirements===
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| − | *Gram-negative bacterium
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| − | *Colanic acid producing gene ([[Part:BBa_K200000|rcsB]])
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| − | <!-- Uncomment this to enable Functional Parameter display
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| − | ===Functional Parameters===
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| − | <partinfo>BBa_K200003 parameters</partinfo>
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| − | <!-- -->
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| − | ===References===
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| − | <biblio>
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| − | #function pmid=15838026
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| − | #Function2 pmid=19019161
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| − | #Function3 pmid=15215252
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| − | </biblio>
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