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| | ===Usage and Biology=== | | ===Usage and Biology=== |
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| − | ===More Information (added by WVHS_San_Diego 2021)===
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| − | <p><b> Author: </b> Ananya Bharathwaj, Swasti Singhai </p>
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| − | <p><b> Summary: </b> Provided specific background information on the AtHKT1 gene, specifics about mechanisms in regulating salinity tolerance in plants, where the highest expression of this gene is found on the cellular level in Arabidopsis Thaliana, and other information about other model organisms’ response to salinity stress.
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| − | <p> <b> Documentation: </b> </p>
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| − | <p> AtHKT1 mediates the distribution of the Na+ ions through a repeated pattern of Na+ removal from the xylem. Specifically found primarily in the plasma membrane of xylem parenchyma cells, the expression of the gene allows for Na+ to unload from the xylem to the xylem parenchyma cells in both stems and roots. This decreases the Na+ transport from root to shoots (Sunarpi et al). Additionally, when AtHKT1 gene is overexpressed specifically in the root cortex and epidermis, it decreases the Na+ accumulation in the shoots the greatest (Plett et al). In general, the expression of AtHKT1 is within the phloem tissues of the roots, leaves, and flower peduncles.
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| − | In recent studies, the effects of increasing HKT1 expression amongst halophytic and glycophytic species was compared, revealing that higher levels of HKT1 in E. salsuginea were found compared to A. Thaliana. EsHKT1 is the gene that would be strongly upregulated in E. salsuginea, and this allows for a potential model organism with a halophytic nature, while also drawing on the strengths of its ability to grow in high concentrations of NaCl (Wang et al). Other studies have reported the AtHKT1 gene regulating K+ ions along with Na+, indicating that the gene may assist in K+ retention under salt stress. Wang et al experimented on the effect of an overexpressed AtHKT1 gene on tobacco plants, yielding a healthy K+ status and reduced Na+ toxicity, overall increasing the productivity of the plant under salinity stress (Ali et al).
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| − | <p><b> References </b>
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| − | Ali, A., Raddatz, N., Pardo, J. M., & Yun, D. (2020). HKT sodium and potassium transporters in arabidopsis thaliana and related halophyte species. Physiologia Plantarum, 171(4), 546-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13166
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| − | Plett, D., Safwat, G., Gilliham, M., Skrumsager møller, I., Roy, S., Shirley, N., Jacobs, A., Johnson, A., & Tester, M. (2010). Improved salinity tolerance of rice through cell type-specific expression of athkt1;1. PLoS ONE, 5(9), e12571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012571
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| − | Sunarpi, Horie, T., Motoda, J., Kubo, M., Yang, H., Yoda, K., Horie, R., Chan, W.-Y., Leung, H.-Y., Hattori, K., Konomi, M., Osumi, M., Yamagami, M., Schroeder, J. I., & Uozumi, N. (2005). Enhanced salt tolerance mediated by athkt1 transporter-induced na+ unloading from xylem vessels to xylem parenchyma cells. The Plant Journal, 44(6), 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02595.x
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| − | Wang, L., Liu, Y., Feng, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Wang, D., & Gan, Y. (2018). AtHKT1 gene regulating k+ state in the whole plant improves salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34660-9
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