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ChBD-LDH

ChBD-LDH (T7 promoter--lac operator--RBS--His-tag--LDH--ChBD--T7 terminator)

This device codes for the LDH-ChBD fusion protein.

Construct

The vector of LDH-ChBD for its expression is pET-28x. It is formed by modifying the restriction enzyme sites EcoR I and Xba I of vector pET-28a.

The LDH sequence is retrieved from the GenBank. It is artificially synthesized and inserted into plasmid pUC57. The LDH gene is then cloned from the plasmid by PCR amplification. The restriction site BamH I is added to the upstream primer, and Hind III is added to the downstream primer.[1]

The ChBD sequence is retrieved from the GenBank. It is artificially synthesized and inserted into plasmid pUC57. The ChBD gene is then cloned from the plasmid by PCR amplification, with the restriction site Hind III added to the upstream primer, and Xhol I added to the downstream primer.[2]

Firstly, the LDH is inserted into the modified pET-28x at BamH I and Hind III, and ChBD at Hind III and Xhol I, after proliferation in T3 vector. Then the whole gene fragment, T7 promoter--lac operator--RBS--His-tag--LDH--ChBD--T7 terminator, is retrieved from this plasmid by PCR amplification, with prefix containing EcoR I, Not I and Xba I added on its upstream primer, and suffix containing Pst I, Not I and Spe I added on its downstream primer. The PCR product is then connected to pSB1C3 at EcoR I and Pst I.

[Fig. 1. pSB1C3-ChBD-LDH]

Usage and Biology

LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvic acid and back, as it converts NAD+ to NADH and back. It is used to catalyze the reduction of pyruvate into lactate, with the presence of NADH, which is oxidized into NAD+ at the same time.[1]

ChBD (chitin binding domain) is able to bind to chitin. When connected to LDH, ChBD is able to immobilize the enzyme LDH after expression, by binding to chitin powder inside the solution.[2]

The function of chitin binding domain

The function of ChBD is tested by connecting ChBD gene with GFP gene in pET28x. The GFP-ChBD fusion protein is expressed and mixed with chitin powder. Tube 3 contains GFP-ChBD, with a significant green color in the solution. After adding chitin powder inside the tube, the color in the solution disappears and shows on the chitin powder, as presented in tube 2. It proves that the ChBD successfully binds the GFP onto the chitin powder. In contrast, the color of the solution is not changed when adding chitin powder into the GFP solution without ChBD. As a result, the ChBD is well functioned.

[Fig.2. ChBD function: tube1, GFP and chitin; tube2, GFP-ChBD and chitin; tube3, GFP-ChBD; tube4, water]

Expression and Immobilization

The constructed pET28x-LDH-ChBD plasmid is transformed into BL21(DE3) E.coli for expression. After that, when the OD 600 reached 0.6-0.8, 0.2mM IPTG is added in the liquid culture. The mixture is shaken at 20 ℃ overnight. The bacteria is collected by centrifugation at low temperature, 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant is discarded. The bacteria is then resuspended using 0.15M pH8.8 Tris-HCL, and is broken by ultrasonication.

The resulted bacteria solution is diluted to a certain concentration and mixed thoroughly with chitin powder. As a result, the ChBD protein binds to the chitin powder, and the enzyme is successfully immobilized.

Reference

[1] Ming-Min Zheng, Ru-Feng Wang, Chun-Xiu Li, Jian-He Xu: Two-step enzymatic synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid with a new 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Ruminococcus torques. Process Biochemistry, Elsevier, 2015.

[2] Takahisa Ikegami, Terumasa Okada, Masayuki Hashimoto, Shizuka Seino, Takeshi Watanabe, and Masahiro Shirakawa: Solution Structure of the Chitin-binding Domain of Bacillus circulans WL-12 Chitinase A1. The Journal Of Biological Chemistry, 2000.

Sequence and Features