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| − | '''gadAp: A pH Sensitive Promoter'''. One of the most apparent environmental changes which occurs upon chyme movement from the stomach to the small intestine is a sharp (approximately 2-10) pH gradient. However, in order to utilize this as a signaling mechanism for cell lysis, we required a pH sensitive element. Results of northern blot analysis (Tucker ''et al.'', 2002; Waterman ''et al.'', 2003) indicate that a particular glutamate decarboxylase (GadA) is up-regulated, most likely as a part of a glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate reaction which exports intercelluar protons which is required for ''E. coli'' stationary phase cell survival of highly acidic (pH 2) conditions (Castanie-Cornet ''et al.'', 1999). Based on a high ratio of low pH:neutral pH expression and a wealth of available information, we chose to use GadA's promoter, gadAp, as a native-''E. coli'' sensor for acidic conditions.
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| − | General information about this promoter and other related acid-sensitive promoters in this system can be found here: [[http://biocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=OPERON-IN-CHROM-BROWSER&object=TU586 Ecocyc-gadAp]].
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