Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K200013"
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JamesField (Talk | contribs) (→EK Cleavage) |
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
<partinfo>BBa_K200013 short</partinfo> | <partinfo>BBa_K200013 short</partinfo> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Usage and Biology=== | ||
| + | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| − | Opiorphin is a pentapeptide (five amino acids long) that was isolated from human saliva in 1996. Opiorphin acts as a pain killing agent. The amino acid sequence for opiorphin is Glutamine-Arginine-Phenylalanine-Serine-Arginine. | + | Opiorphin is a pentapeptide (five amino acids long) that was isolated from human saliva in 1996. Opiorphin acts as a pain killing agent. The amino acid sequence for opiorphin is Glutamine-Arginine-Phenylalanine-Serine-Arginine. |
| + | |||
| + | A combination of opiorphin's potency and natural presence in saliva have sparked a great deal of interest from a number of philosophical movements most notably from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher) David Pearce] who belongs to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism#Negative negative utilitarian] school of ethics. | ||
==Mechanism of Action== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
| − | Preliminary rat studies indicate that opiorphin has a pain killing effect six times stronger than that of morphine. | + | Preliminary rat studies indicate that opiorphin has a pain killing effect six times stronger than that of morphine. Enkephalins which are natural pain-killing opioids, opiorphin inhibits two enkephalin-catabolizing ectoenzymes, human neutral ecto-endopeptidase, hNEP ([http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=3.4.24.11 EC 3.4.24.11]), and human ecto-aminopeptidase, hAP-N ([http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=3.4.11.2 EC 3.4.11.2]). This results in accumulated levels of enkephalins which results in a drop in pain perception <sup>3</sup>. |
==EK Cleavage== | ==EK Cleavage== | ||
| − | See | + | See [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K200013:Design Design Notes] for our rationale behind incorporating an EK cleavage sequence on the N terminus of the opiorphin pentapeptide. |
| + | ==Other Side Effects== | ||
| − | + | <b>Priapism:</b> | |
A recent study involved genetically engineering retired breeder rats to constitutively express opiorphin. Interestingly, this resulted in the development of a priapic-like condition. It is thought that this condition resulted from the upregulation of the ornithine decarboxylase gene (ODC) by opiorphin <sup>1</sup>. | A recent study involved genetically engineering retired breeder rats to constitutively express opiorphin. Interestingly, this resulted in the development of a priapic-like condition. It is thought that this condition resulted from the upregulation of the ornithine decarboxylase gene (ODC) by opiorphin <sup>1</sup>. | ||
| − | + | <b>Antidiarrheal:</b> | |
| − | < | + | |
| − | + | In an in-vitro bioassay it was shown that opiorphin (in concentarions 10<sup>−6</sup> to 10<sup>−4</sup> M) caused colonic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner <sup>2</sup>. Based on this evidence, opiorphin could have potential as an antidiarrheal agent. | |
| − | </ | + | |
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<partinfo>BBa_K200013 parameters</partinfo> | <partinfo>BBa_K200013 parameters</partinfo> | ||
<!-- --> | <!-- --> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | <biblio> | ||
| + | #1 pmid=19657052 | ||
| + | |||
| + | #2 pmid=19442408 | ||
| + | |||
| + | #3 pmid=17101991 | ||
| + | </biblio> | ||
Latest revision as of 15:24, 18 October 2009
Opiorphin + EK cleavage site
Usage and Biology
Background
Opiorphin is a pentapeptide (five amino acids long) that was isolated from human saliva in 1996. Opiorphin acts as a pain killing agent. The amino acid sequence for opiorphin is Glutamine-Arginine-Phenylalanine-Serine-Arginine.
A combination of opiorphin's potency and natural presence in saliva have sparked a great deal of interest from a number of philosophical movements most notably from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher) David Pearce] who belongs to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism#Negative negative utilitarian] school of ethics.
Mechanism of Action
Preliminary rat studies indicate that opiorphin has a pain killing effect six times stronger than that of morphine. Enkephalins which are natural pain-killing opioids, opiorphin inhibits two enkephalin-catabolizing ectoenzymes, human neutral ecto-endopeptidase, hNEP ([http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=3.4.24.11 EC 3.4.24.11]), and human ecto-aminopeptidase, hAP-N ([http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=3.4.11.2 EC 3.4.11.2]). This results in accumulated levels of enkephalins which results in a drop in pain perception 3.
EK Cleavage
See Design Notes for our rationale behind incorporating an EK cleavage sequence on the N terminus of the opiorphin pentapeptide.
Other Side Effects
Priapism:
A recent study involved genetically engineering retired breeder rats to constitutively express opiorphin. Interestingly, this resulted in the development of a priapic-like condition. It is thought that this condition resulted from the upregulation of the ornithine decarboxylase gene (ODC) by opiorphin 1.
Antidiarrheal:
In an in-vitro bioassay it was shown that opiorphin (in concentarions 10−6 to 10−4 M) caused colonic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner 2. Based on this evidence, opiorphin could have potential as an antidiarrheal agent.
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
- 1000COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
References
<biblio>
- 1 pmid=19657052
- 2 pmid=19442408
- 3 pmid=17101991
</biblio>