Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K4321000"
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===Usage and Biology=== | ===Usage and Biology=== | ||
| − | Upon ingestion of the Cyt2Ba protoxin, Cyt2Ba is solubilized in the gut of Dipteran insects. Once solubilized the | + | Upon ingestion of the Cyt2Ba protoxin, Cyt2Ba is solubilized in the gut of Dipteran insects. Once solubilized the pro-toxin is proteolytically cleaved into the active 30kDa protein. The active Cyt2Ba toxin inserts itself into the apical microvilli membrane of epithelial cells in the midgut and causes the death of the insect. This is hypothesized to be done through one of two mechanisms. The first includes Cyt2Ba binding to the epithelial membrane and promoting the formation of cationic channels that result in an influx of water into the cell, swelling, and ultimately lysis. The Second mechanism involves the aggregation of Cyt2Ba on the lipid bilayer which leads to membrane disassembly and cell death. |
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| + | https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/1/1d/Endotoxin_mechanism_of_action.png | ||
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| + | ===Sequence and Features=== | ||
<partinfo>BBa_K4321000 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo> | <partinfo>BBa_K4321000 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo> | ||
| + | ==Reference== | ||
| + | Cohen, S., Dym, O., Albeck, S., Ben-Dov, E., Cahan, R., Firer, M., & Zaritsky, A. (2008). High-resolution crystal structure of activated Cyt2Ba monomer from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Journal of molecular biology, 380(5), 820–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.010 | ||
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| + | Fernández-Chapa, D., Ramírez-Villalobos, J., & Galán-Wong, L. (2019). Toxic potential ofbacillus thuringiensis: An overview. Protecting Rice Grains in the Post-Genomic Era. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85756 | ||
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| + | Soberón, M., López-Díaz, J. A., & Bravo, A. (2013). Cyt toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis: A protein fold conserved in several pathogenic microorganisms. Peptides, 41, 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.023 | ||
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| + | Valtierra-de-Luis, D., Villanueva, M., Berry, C., & Caballero, P. (2020). Potential for bacillus thuringiensis and other bacterial toxins as biological control agents to combat dipteran pests of medical and agronomic importance. Toxins, 12(12), 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120773 | ||
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| + | Wang, FF., Qu, SX., Lin, JS. et al. Identification of Cyt2Ba from a New Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Toxicity in Bradysia difformis. Curr Microbiol 77, 2859–2866 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02018-y | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:05, 7 October 2022
Cytotoxic Protein 2Ba (Cyt2Ba)
Since its discovery in 1901, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been identified as encoding over 800 insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP). These ICPs include delta endotoxins of the crystal (Cry) and cytolytic (Cyt) family.
Cyt proteins can be split into three subfamilies (Cyt1, Cyt2, and Cyt3) and all have the same mode of action. They are produced as protoxins and ultimately activated by species-specific proteolytic cleavage in the midgut of insect targets. Activated Cyt2Ba binds to membrane receptors to signal increased cell permeability. This promotes pore formation in the lining of the midgut and ultimately kills the target insect.
Unlike Cry proteins, Cyt proteins are toxic only to Diptera species and can potentially suppress the resistance to Cry proteins. These proteins can be used in their native structure or be modified to target insect species outside of the Diptera suborder.
Usage and Biology
Upon ingestion of the Cyt2Ba protoxin, Cyt2Ba is solubilized in the gut of Dipteran insects. Once solubilized the pro-toxin is proteolytically cleaved into the active 30kDa protein. The active Cyt2Ba toxin inserts itself into the apical microvilli membrane of epithelial cells in the midgut and causes the death of the insect. This is hypothesized to be done through one of two mechanisms. The first includes Cyt2Ba binding to the epithelial membrane and promoting the formation of cationic channels that result in an influx of water into the cell, swelling, and ultimately lysis. The Second mechanism involves the aggregation of Cyt2Ba on the lipid bilayer which leads to membrane disassembly and cell death.
Sequence and Features
- 10COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
- 12COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
- 21COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
- 23COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
- 25COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
- 1000COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
Reference
Cohen, S., Dym, O., Albeck, S., Ben-Dov, E., Cahan, R., Firer, M., & Zaritsky, A. (2008). High-resolution crystal structure of activated Cyt2Ba monomer from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Journal of molecular biology, 380(5), 820–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.010
Fernández-Chapa, D., Ramírez-Villalobos, J., & Galán-Wong, L. (2019). Toxic potential ofbacillus thuringiensis: An overview. Protecting Rice Grains in the Post-Genomic Era. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85756
Soberón, M., López-Díaz, J. A., & Bravo, A. (2013). Cyt toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis: A protein fold conserved in several pathogenic microorganisms. Peptides, 41, 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.023
Valtierra-de-Luis, D., Villanueva, M., Berry, C., & Caballero, P. (2020). Potential for bacillus thuringiensis and other bacterial toxins as biological control agents to combat dipteran pests of medical and agronomic importance. Toxins, 12(12), 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120773
Wang, FF., Qu, SX., Lin, JS. et al. Identification of Cyt2Ba from a New Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Toxicity in Bradysia difformis. Curr Microbiol 77, 2859–2866 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02018-y