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Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase coding sequence from <i>Flavobacterium sp</i>. This enzyme, a FAD binding and NADPH requiring oxygenase, catalyzes the oxygenolytic removal of the first chlorine from pentachlorophenol.
 
Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase coding sequence from <i>Flavobacterium sp</i>. This enzyme, a FAD binding and NADPH requiring oxygenase, catalyzes the oxygenolytic removal of the first chlorine from pentachlorophenol.
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===Usage and Biology===
 
  
 
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===Functional Parameters===
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<partinfo>BBa_K4447002 parameters</partinfo>
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=Usage and Biology=
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Of all the emerging contaminants currently analyzed, pentachlorophenol is one of the most hazardous because of its consequences on human health. Pentachlorophenol has been used as a herbicide, fungicide, disinfectant, and as an ingredient in antifouling paint. Short-term exposure to large doses of pentachlorophenol can cause harmful effects on the liver, blood, lungs, immune system, and gastrointestinal tract (Cai & Xun, 2002).
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In our project, pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase <b>(EC.1.14.13.50)</b> is used as a detector for the presence of pentachlorophenol by catalyzing the dechlorination of pentachlorophenol to tetrachlorobenzoquinone. As shown in <b>Figure 1</b>, this reaction requires NADPH as a reagent and, therefore, gives NADP+ as a reaction product. Consequently, it is possible to evaluate the presence of pentachlorophenol through a coupled reaction employing a NADP+/NADPH colorimetric assay.
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[[Image:Pcp_reaction_TecMonterreyGDL.jpeg|600px|center|thumb|<b>Figure 1.</b> <i>Chemical reaction for pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (Pcp).</i>]]
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Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase, as pictured below in<b> Figure 2</b> is a dimeric protein that belongs to the family of flavin-dependent phenol hydroxylases. It has 539 amino acids in length and 60.1 kDa in weight (Cai & Xun, 2002). Hlouchova <i>et al.</i> (2012) reported a Michaelis constant of 1 mM for pentachlorophenol, concluding that this enzyme is not well evolved for turnover of this substrate. Nevertheless, this value is smaller than the one for 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, showing more preference for our desired substrate.
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[[Image:Pcp_rotating_TecMonterreyGDL.gif|230px|center|thumb|<b>Figure 2</b>. <i>Three-dimensional structure of Pcp.</i>]]
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=References=
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[1]. Cai, M., & Xun, L. (2002). Organization and regulation of pentachlorophenol-degrading genes in <i>Sphingobium chlorophenolicum</i> ATCC 39723. <i>Journal of bacteriology, 184</i>(17), 4672–4680. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.17.4672-4680.2002
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[2]. Hlouchova, K., Rudolph, J., Pietari, J. M., Behlen, L. S., & Copley, S. D. (2012). Pentachlorophenol hydroxylase, a poorly functioning enzyme required for degradation of pentachlorophenol by <i>Sphingobium chlorophenolicum</i>. <i>Biochemistry, 51</i>(18), 3848–3860. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi300261p
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[3]. Mirdita, M., Schütze, K., Moriwaki, Y. et al.(2022). ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all. <i>Nat Methods 19</i>, 679–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-022-01488-1

Latest revision as of 21:42, 9 October 2022


Pcp coding sequence

Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase coding sequence from Flavobacterium sp. This enzyme, a FAD binding and NADPH requiring oxygenase, catalyzes the oxygenolytic removal of the first chlorine from pentachlorophenol.

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal XhoI site found at 1651
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]


Usage and Biology

Of all the emerging contaminants currently analyzed, pentachlorophenol is one of the most hazardous because of its consequences on human health. Pentachlorophenol has been used as a herbicide, fungicide, disinfectant, and as an ingredient in antifouling paint. Short-term exposure to large doses of pentachlorophenol can cause harmful effects on the liver, blood, lungs, immune system, and gastrointestinal tract (Cai & Xun, 2002).

In our project, pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (EC.1.14.13.50) is used as a detector for the presence of pentachlorophenol by catalyzing the dechlorination of pentachlorophenol to tetrachlorobenzoquinone. As shown in Figure 1, this reaction requires NADPH as a reagent and, therefore, gives NADP+ as a reaction product. Consequently, it is possible to evaluate the presence of pentachlorophenol through a coupled reaction employing a NADP+/NADPH colorimetric assay.

Figure 1. Chemical reaction for pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (Pcp).

Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase, as pictured below in Figure 2 is a dimeric protein that belongs to the family of flavin-dependent phenol hydroxylases. It has 539 amino acids in length and 60.1 kDa in weight (Cai & Xun, 2002). Hlouchova et al. (2012) reported a Michaelis constant of 1 mM for pentachlorophenol, concluding that this enzyme is not well evolved for turnover of this substrate. Nevertheless, this value is smaller than the one for 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, showing more preference for our desired substrate.

Figure 2. Three-dimensional structure of Pcp.

References

[1]. Cai, M., & Xun, L. (2002). Organization and regulation of pentachlorophenol-degrading genes in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723. Journal of bacteriology, 184(17), 4672–4680. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.17.4672-4680.2002

[2]. Hlouchova, K., Rudolph, J., Pietari, J. M., Behlen, L. S., & Copley, S. D. (2012). Pentachlorophenol hydroxylase, a poorly functioning enzyme required for degradation of pentachlorophenol by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum. Biochemistry, 51(18), 3848–3860. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi300261p

[3]. Mirdita, M., Schütze, K., Moriwaki, Y. et al.(2022). ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all. Nat Methods 19, 679–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-022-01488-1