Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K3128019"

(Sequence and features)
 
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==Sequence and features==
 
==Sequence and features==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
This biobrick is composed of the external membrane [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K3128032 Clickable Outer Membrane Protein <i>(COMP)</i>]  
+
This biobrick is composed of the external membrane [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K3128032 Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X <i>(COMP)</i>]  
protein fused at its N-terminal end to a 54 aa [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)]  
+
protein fused at its C-terminal end to a 54 aa [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)]  
 
followed by the [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1638004 T18 sub-part of the <i>Bordetella Pertussis</i> adenylate cyclase] (AC) .<br>  
 
followed by the [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1638004 T18 sub-part of the <i>Bordetella Pertussis</i> adenylate cyclase] (AC) .<br>  
 
This biobrick is under a constitutive promoter [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J23101 J23101],  
 
This biobrick is under a constitutive promoter [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J23101 J23101],  
thereby COMP fused with T18 protein is constitutively expressed leading to a large amount of recombinant protein in the outer membrane at any time.<br>
+
thereby COMP fused to T18 protein is constitutively expressed leading to a large amount of recombinant protein in the outer membrane at any time.<br>
  
'''COMP''' correspond to '''OmpX-WT''' which has a TAG codon (Y121F' mutation) which can be used to introduce any Non Natural Amino acid outside the cell (more informations). This biobrick constitutes one of the final part of the NeuroDrop device, because the non natural amino acid allows to present an aptamer to the external environment of the bacteria, and the intracellular part constitutes the signalling cascade of the biomarker detection (BACTH assay).<br>
 
  
<br>This BioBrick is intended to opperate with [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128020 BBa_K3128020].<br>
+
'''COMP''' correspond to '''OmpX-WT''' that has a TAG codon (Y121F' mutation) which can be used to introduce an '''non natural amino acid''' in the primary structure of proteins ([https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1492002 more informations]). The non natural amino acid allows the click-recation with an DIBO-aptamer on COMP, the aptamer will then  be in external environment of the bacteria and hooked to COMP. The intracellular part constitutes the signalling  cascade of the biomarker detection (BACTH assay).<br>
These two biobricks are the negative condition of the '''mBACTH''' <i>-free sub-parts condition-</i>.<br>  
+
This biobrick constitutes one of the final part of the NeuroDrop device.<br>
COMP are fused to the adenylate cyclase sub-parts at their N-terminal ends. The fusion protein '''move freely''' in the bacterial outer membrane,  
+
 
but they are not forced to get closer by any mean. <br>
+
<br>This BioBrick is intended to operate with [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128020 BBa_K3128020].<br>
The reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase in this condition is only due to random occurrence between both parts.<br>
+
These two biobricks form the '''mBACTH''' system.<br>  
The signal measured is considered as background noise.
+
COMP proteins are fused to the adenylate cyclase sub-parts at their C-terminal ends. The fusion protein '''move freely''' in the bacterial outer membrane, they are not forced to get closer by any mean unless the target is present in the extracellular medium. <br>
 +
The reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase due to both COMB-T18 and COMB-T25 catching the same target, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of the two sub-parts.<br>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 22: Line 22:
  
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128019 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128019 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 +
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
 +
 
==Usage and Biology==
 
==Usage and Biology==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
 
In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing the detection of protein-protein interaction <sup>(1)</sup>. At first, it was performed in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''  
 
In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing the detection of protein-protein interaction <sup>(1)</sup>. At first, it was performed in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''  
yeast and it was called the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria <sup>(2)</sup>. Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly  
+
yeast and it was named the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria <sup>(2)</sup>. Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly  
used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins in vivo <sup>(3)</sup>.  
+
used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins <i>in vivo</i> <sup>(3)</sup>.  
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
===<u>Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two-Hybrid</u> (BACTH)===
 
===<u>Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two-Hybrid</u> (BACTH)===
<div style="text-align:justify;">
+
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 +
More informations on BACTH [https://2019.igem.org/Team:Grenoble-Alpes/Design#design-BACTH-part-2 here] 
  
 
<br>The principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signalling cascade in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the  
 
<br>The principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signalling cascade in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the  
Line 39: Line 42:
 
physiologically participates to the cellular transmission. <br>
 
physiologically participates to the cellular transmission. <br>
  
<br>This system involves the <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> '''adenylate cyclase'''. You might know this bacterium; it is the responsible agent for the pertussis disease.
+
<br>This system involves the <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> '''adenylate cyclase''' which is the responsible agent for the pertussis disease.
It adenylates cyclase catalytic domain has the particularity to be splittable in two distinct parts: '''T18''' and '''T25''' sub-parts, <u>unable to work unless they  
+
Adenylate cyclase catalytic domain has the particularity to be splittable in two distinct parts: '''T18''' and '''T25''' sub-parts, <u>unable to fonction unless they  
 
reassociate.</u> Each sub-part of the enzyme is fused with a protein of interest, either the bait or the prey protein chose beforehand by the experimentator. <br>
 
reassociate.</u> Each sub-part of the enzyme is fused with a protein of interest, either the bait or the prey protein chose beforehand by the experimentator. <br>
  
<br>If the proteins interact, then '''T18''' and '''T25''' are bring together and reconstitute a <u>functional adenylate cyclase enzyme</u> thus enabling cAMP production. Using  
+
<span style="margin: 12%;">
 +
https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/e/ec/T--Grenoble-Alpes--BACTH_classicBACTH.gif
 +
</span>
 +
 
 +
<br>If two proteins interact, then '''T18''' and '''T25''' are bring together and reconstitute a <u>functional adenylate cyclase enzyme</u> thus enabling cAMP production. Using  
 
<i>cya-</i> bacteria<i> – strain for whom the adenylate gene is deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme – </i> a BACTH could be done with the creation of two
 
<i>cya-</i> bacteria<i> – strain for whom the adenylate gene is deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme – </i> a BACTH could be done with the creation of two
 
fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with the '''T18 sub-part'''; the second one fused with the '''T25 sub-part'''. <br>
 
fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with the '''T18 sub-part'''; the second one fused with the '''T25 sub-part'''. <br>
 
The interaction of these proteins of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, thus <u>initiating cAMP production</u>. The cAMP produced will act as a  
 
The interaction of these proteins of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, thus <u>initiating cAMP production</u>. The cAMP produced will act as a  
messenger by fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the <u>CAP-cAMP</u> complex, controlling the expression of the promoter lactose by '''initiating transcription of the following gene'''. <br>
+
messenger by fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the <u>CAP-cAMP</u> complex, controlling the expression of the lactose promoter by '''initiating transcription of the following gene'''. <br>
This promoter is placed upstream from the chosen reporter gene.<br>
+
This promoter is placed upstream the chosen reporter gene.<br>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===<u>NeuroDrop Project - inter-Membrane BACTH</u> (mBACTH) ===
+
===<u>NeuroDrop Project - Outer-Membrane BACTH</u> (mBACTH) ===
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 
<br>
 
<br>
Line 60: Line 67:
 
<br>[http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015] iGEM project’s aim was to develop a “universal membrane sensor platform for biosensors”.<br>  
 
<br>[http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015] iGEM project’s aim was to develop a “universal membrane sensor platform for biosensors”.<br>  
 
This year, '''Team Grenoble-Alpes''' is designing a new tears biosensor system based on [http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015]’s project.
 
This year, '''Team Grenoble-Alpes''' is designing a new tears biosensor system based on [http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015]’s project.
Both projects have a common base, the same receptors are used at the external surface of bacteria : '''[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1492000 Clickable Outer Membrane Protein called COMP]'''. <br>
+
Both projects have a common base, the same receptors are used at the external surface of bacteria : '''[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1492000 Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X(COMP)]'''. <br>
  
 
OmpX is an outer membrane protein with the C- and N-termini in the intracellular domain. To be able to use OmpX as a scaffold, a unnatural amino acid needs to be introduced.  
 
OmpX is an outer membrane protein with the C- and N-termini in the intracellular domain. To be able to use OmpX as a scaffold, a unnatural amino acid needs to be introduced.  
 
This can be done by implementing the amber stop codon TAG in one of the loops of OmpX via a mutation. With a specific tRNA an azide-functionalized amino acid can be built in,  
 
This can be done by implementing the amber stop codon TAG in one of the loops of OmpX via a mutation. With a specific tRNA an azide-functionalized amino acid can be built in,  
which can be used for the SPAAC click chemistry reaction with DBCO functionalized groups, this modified protein is called '''COMP'''.  
+
which can be used for the SPAAC click chemistry reaction using DIBO functionalized groups, this modified protein is called '''COMP'''.  
The complex '''aptamer''' fixed to a '''COMP''' is then called a '''COMB''' for '''Clickable Outer Membrane Biosensor'''.<br>
+
The complex '''aptamer''' fixed to a '''COMP''' is then named a '''COMB''' for '''Clickable Outer Membrane Biosensor'''.<br>
  
<br>The Grenoble-Alpes team aims to develop an '''intermembrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid''' <i>(mBACTH)</i>.<br>  
+
<br>The Grenoble-Alpes team aims to develop an '''Outer membrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid''' <i>(mBACTH)</i>.<br>  
In this case, the two adenylate cyclase sub-parts are fused to the N-terminal ends of '''COMPs''' with a [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)] of 54 amino acids <i>- in order to ensure a sufficient flexibility -</i>
+
In this case, the two adenylate cyclase sub-parts are fused to the C-terminal ends of '''COMPs''' with a [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)] of 54 amino acids <i>- in order to ensure a sufficient flexibility -</i>.<br>  
followed by the [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1638004 T18 sub-part of the <i>Bordetella Pertussis</i> adenylate cyclase].<br>  
+
When '''COMBs''' catch the extracellular target, they get closer, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of  
When '''COMPs''' and the aptamers catch the extracellular target, they get closer, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of  
+
 
the two sub-parts.<br>  
 
the two sub-parts.<br>  
The enzyme is operational again and can produce the production of a high quantity of '''cAMP''' <i>(around 17,000 mmol of cAMP formed per mg of adenylate cyclase per minute)</i>,  
+
The enzyme is operational again and produce a high quantity of '''cAMP''' <i>(around 17,000 mmol of cAMP formed per mg of adenylate cyclase per minute)</i>,  
<u>the molecule responsible of the signal transduction in the bacterium</u>.<br>
+
<u>the molecule responsible for the signal transduction in the bacteria</u>.<br>
 
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/e/ec/BACTH_1.gif <br>
 
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/e/ec/BACTH_1.gif <br>
  
<br>'''cAMP''' molecules diffuse to the cytoplasm of the bacterium and interact with catabolite activator proteins (CAP). One '''cAMP molecule''' binds to one transcriptional activator CAP;
+
<br>'''cAMP''' molecules diffuse to the cytoplasm of the bacterium and interact with catabolite activator proteins (CAP) in a ratio 1 to 1.  
then two '''cAMP-CA'''P complexes are needed to activate the <u>expression of the gene under the control of the lactose promoter</u>.<br>
+
Yhen two '''cAMP-CA'''P complexes are needed to activate the <u>expression of the gene under the control of the lactose promoter</u>.<br>
Because of the high quantity of cAMP diffusing in the cytoplasm of the bacterium (2), the reporter gene is continually activated as long as cAMP is produced.<br>
+
Because of the high quantity of cAMP diffusing in the cytoplasm of the bacterium, the reporter gene is continously activated as long as cAMP is produced.<br>
 
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/f/fd/BACTH_2.gif <br>
 
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/f/fd/BACTH_2.gif <br>
  
<br>The high enzymatic activity (1) of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Adenylate Cyclase involves a high production of '''cAMP''' in presence of ATP in the bacterium
+
<br>The high enzymatic activity of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Adenylate Cyclase generates a high production of '''cAMP''' in presence of ATP in the bacterium
thus <u>activating the signaling cascade with the CAP-cAMP dependant promoter</u>.<br>  
+
thus <u>activating the signalling cascade with the CAP-cAMP dependant promoter</u>.<br>  
Hence this system is promising because it might have a great sensitivity and may give a great signal amplification for a low amount of target detected.<br>
+
Hence this system is promising because it might have a great sensitivity and may drive a great signal amplification for a low amount of melocules to be detected.<br>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 90: Line 96:
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<i>
 
<i>
<sup>(1)</sup> Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature [Internet]. 1989<br>
+
Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature. (1989)<br>
<sup>(2)</sup> Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS [Internet]. 1998<br>
+
Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS. (1998)<br>
<sup>(3)</sup> Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. 2017<br>
+
Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. (2017)<br>
 +
Picture of the reaction ATP-cAMP. Khan Academy Website. Retrieved October 10, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org
 +
Euromedex, BACTH System Kit available here <br>
 +
Leusch, Paulaitis, Friedman. Adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis: production, purification, and partial characterization. Am Soc Microbiol | Infect Immun. (1990) <br>
 +
Hantke, Winkler, Schultz. Escherichia coli exports cyclic AMP via TolC. J Bacteriol. (2011) <br>
 +
Eindhoven 2015 Website, from http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Project/Design <br>
 
</i>
 
</i>

Latest revision as of 11:02, 21 October 2019

COMP fused with T18 subpart of Bordetella Pertussis AC under constitutive promoter

Sequence and features

This biobrick is composed of the external membrane Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X (COMP) protein fused at its C-terminal end to a 54 aa Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS) followed by the T18 sub-part of the Bordetella Pertussis adenylate cyclase (AC) .
This biobrick is under a constitutive promoter J23101, thereby COMP fused to T18 protein is constitutively expressed leading to a large amount of recombinant protein in the outer membrane at any time.


COMP correspond to OmpX-WT that has a TAG codon (Y121F' mutation) which can be used to introduce an non natural amino acid in the primary structure of proteins (more informations). The non natural amino acid allows the click-recation with an DIBO-aptamer on COMP, the aptamer will then be in external environment of the bacteria and hooked to COMP. The intracellular part constitutes the signalling cascade of the biomarker detection (BACTH assay).
This biobrick constitutes one of the final part of the NeuroDrop device.


This BioBrick is intended to operate with BBa_K3128020.
These two biobricks form the mBACTH system.
COMP proteins are fused to the adenylate cyclase sub-parts at their C-terminal ends. The fusion protein move freely in the bacterial outer membrane, they are not forced to get closer by any mean unless the target is present in the extracellular medium.
The reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase due to both COMB-T18 and COMB-T25 catching the same target, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of the two sub-parts.



Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 7
    Illegal NheI site found at 30
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BamHI site found at 1300
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 841
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1251
    Illegal AgeI site found at 1057
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]



Usage and Biology

In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing the detection of protein-protein interaction (1). At first, it was performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and it was named the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria (2). Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins in vivo (3).


Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two-Hybrid (BACTH)

More informations on BACTH here


The principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signalling cascade in Escherichia coli. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by the adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme catalysing the cAMP production from ATP. It physiologically participates to the cellular transmission.


This system involves the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase which is the responsible agent for the pertussis disease. Adenylate cyclase catalytic domain has the particularity to be splittable in two distinct parts: T18 and T25 sub-parts, unable to fonction unless they reassociate. Each sub-part of the enzyme is fused with a protein of interest, either the bait or the prey protein chose beforehand by the experimentator.

T--Grenoble-Alpes--BACTH_classicBACTH.gif


If two proteins interact, then T18 and T25 are bring together and reconstitute a functional adenylate cyclase enzyme thus enabling cAMP production. Using cya- bacteria – strain for whom the adenylate gene is deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme – a BACTH could be done with the creation of two fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with the T18 sub-part; the second one fused with the T25 sub-part.
The interaction of these proteins of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, thus initiating cAMP production. The cAMP produced will act as a messenger by fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the CAP-cAMP complex, controlling the expression of the lactose promoter by initiating transcription of the following gene.
This promoter is placed upstream the chosen reporter gene.


NeuroDrop Project - Outer-Membrane BACTH (mBACTH)


BACTH_constructions.gif

[http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015] iGEM project’s aim was to develop a “universal membrane sensor platform for biosensors”.
This year, Team Grenoble-Alpes is designing a new tears biosensor system based on [http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015]’s project. Both projects have a common base, the same receptors are used at the external surface of bacteria : Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X(COMP).

OmpX is an outer membrane protein with the C- and N-termini in the intracellular domain. To be able to use OmpX as a scaffold, a unnatural amino acid needs to be introduced. This can be done by implementing the amber stop codon TAG in one of the loops of OmpX via a mutation. With a specific tRNA an azide-functionalized amino acid can be built in, which can be used for the SPAAC click chemistry reaction using DIBO functionalized groups, this modified protein is called COMP. The complex aptamer fixed to a COMP is then named a COMB for Clickable Outer Membrane Biosensor.


The Grenoble-Alpes team aims to develop an Outer membrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid (mBACTH).
In this case, the two adenylate cyclase sub-parts are fused to the C-terminal ends of COMPs with a Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS) of 54 amino acids - in order to ensure a sufficient flexibility -.
When COMBs catch the extracellular target, they get closer, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of the two sub-parts.
The enzyme is operational again and produce a high quantity of cAMP (around 17,000 mmol of cAMP formed per mg of adenylate cyclase per minute), the molecule responsible for the signal transduction in the bacteria.
BACTH_1.gif


cAMP molecules diffuse to the cytoplasm of the bacterium and interact with catabolite activator proteins (CAP) in a ratio 1 to 1. Yhen two cAMP-CAP complexes are needed to activate the expression of the gene under the control of the lactose promoter.
Because of the high quantity of cAMP diffusing in the cytoplasm of the bacterium, the reporter gene is continously activated as long as cAMP is produced.
BACTH_2.gif


The high enzymatic activity of Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase generates a high production of cAMP in presence of ATP in the bacterium thus activating the signalling cascade with the CAP-cAMP dependant promoter.
Hence this system is promising because it might have a great sensitivity and may drive a great signal amplification for a low amount of melocules to be detected.


References

Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature. (1989)
Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS. (1998)
Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. (2017)
Picture of the reaction ATP-cAMP. Khan Academy Website. Retrieved October 10, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org Euromedex, BACTH System Kit available here
Leusch, Paulaitis, Friedman. Adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis: production, purification, and partial characterization. Am Soc Microbiol | Infect Immun. (1990)
Hantke, Winkler, Schultz. Escherichia coli exports cyclic AMP via TolC. J Bacteriol. (2011)
Eindhoven 2015 Website, from http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Project/Design