Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K3128018"

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__NOTOC__
 
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128018 short</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128018 short</partinfo>
  
 
==Sequence and features==
 
==Sequence and features==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
This biobrick is composed of the external membrane OMPx WT protein fused at its N-terminal end with a 54 aa GGS linker (BBa_K3128010) followed by the T25 subunit of the Bordetella Pertussis adenylate cyclase. This biobrick comes from the intermediate biobrick <partinfo>BBa_K3128012</partinfo>, for which the plac promoter has been deleted to replace it with a constitutive promoter.  
+
This biobrick is composed of the external membrane [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K3128031 Outer Membrane Protein X Wild Type <i>(OmpX-WT)</i>]
 +
protein fused at its C-terminal end to a 54 aa [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)]
 +
followed by the [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K1638002 T25 sub-part of the <i>Bordetella Pertussis</i> adenylate cyclase] (AC) .<br>
 +
This biobrick is under a constitutive promoter [https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_J23111 J23111],
 +
thereby OmpX-WT fused to T25 protein is constitutively expressed leading to a large amount of recombinant protein in the outer membrane at any time.<br>
 +
 
 +
<br>This BioBrick is intended to operate with [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128017 BBa_K3128017].<br>
 +
These two biobricks are the negative condition of the '''mBACTH''' <i>-free sub-parts condition-</i>.<br>
 +
OmpX proteins are fused to the adenylate cyclase sub-parts at their C-terminal ends. The fusion protein '''move freely''' in the bacterial outer membrane,  
 +
but they are not forced to get closer by any mean. <br>
 +
The reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase in this condition is only due to random occurrence between both parts.<br>
 +
The signal measured is considered as background noise.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 11: Line 21:
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128018 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K3128018 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
  
 +
<br>
  
 
==Usage and Biology==
 
==Usage and Biology==
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
 
<div style="text-align:justify;">   
In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing protein-protein interaction detection <sup>(1)</sup>. At first, it was done in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' yeast and it was called the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria <sup>(2)</sup>. Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins in vivo <sup>(3)</sup>.  
+
In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing the detection of protein-protein interaction <sup>(1)</sup>. At first, it was performed in ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''  
 +
yeast and it was named the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria <sup>(2)</sup>. Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly  
 +
used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins <i>in vivo</i> <sup>(3)</sup>.  
 +
<br>
  
 +
<br>
 +
===<u>Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two-Hybrid</u> (BACTH)===
 +
<div style="text-align:justify;"> 
  
===BACTH Principle===
+
<br>The principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signalling cascade in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the
 +
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by the adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme catalysing the cAMP production from ATP. It
 +
physiologically participates to the cellular transmission. <br>
  
 +
<br>This system involves the <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> '''adenylate cyclase''' which is the responsible agent for the pertussis disease.
 +
Adenylate cyclase catalytic domain has the particularity to be splittable in two distinct parts: '''T18''' and '''T25''' sub-parts, <u>unable to fonction unless they
 +
reassociate.</u> Each sub-part of the enzyme is fused with a protein of interest, either the bait or the prey protein chose beforehand by the experimentator. <br>
  
The BACTH principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signaling cascade in ''Escherichia Coli'' bacteria. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by the adenylate cyclase. The adenylate cyclase is an enzyme catalysing the cAMP production from ATP, it physiologically participates to the cellular transmission.  
+
<span style="margin: 12%;">
 +
https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/e/ec/T--Grenoble-Alpes--BACTH_classicBACTH.gif
 +
</span>
  
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/0/0b/BACTH_constructions.gif
+
<br>If two proteins interact, then '''T18''' and '''T25''' are bring together and reconstitute a <u>functional adenylate cyclase enzyme</u> thus enabling cAMP production. Using
 +
<i>cya-</i> bacteria<i> – strain for whom the adenylate gene is deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme – </i> a BACTH could be done with the creation of two
 +
fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with the '''T18 sub-part'''; the second one fused with the '''T25 sub-part'''. <br>
 +
The interaction of these proteins of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, thus <u>initiating cAMP production</u>. The cAMP produced will act as a
 +
messenger by fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the <u>CAP-cAMP</u> complex, controlling the expression of the lactose promoter by '''initiating transcription of the following gene'''. <br>
 +
This promoter is placed upstream the chosen reporter gene.<br>
 +
</div>
  
In this system, the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase, responsible agent for the pertussis, is involved. Its catalytical domain has the particularity to may be split in two distinct parts: T18 and T25 fragments, unable to work unless they reassociate. Each part of the enzyme is fused with a protein, either the bait or the prey protein. If the proteins interact, then T18 and T25 get sufficient closer and reconstitute a functional enzyme, thus allowing cAMP production. By using cya- bacteria ''–bacteria for whom the adenylate gene was deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme –'' a BACTH could be done with the creation of two fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with T18 fragment; the second one fused with T25 fragment.
+
<br>
  
 +
===<u>NeuroDrop Project - Outer-Membrane BACTH</u> (mBACTH) ===
 +
<div style="text-align:justify;">
 +
<br>
 +
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/0/0b/BACTH_constructions.gif
 +
<br>
 +
<br>[http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015] iGEM project’s aim was to develop a “universal membrane sensor platform for biosensors”.<br>
 +
This year, '''Team Grenoble-Alpes''' is designing a new tears biosensor system based on [http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015]’s project.
 +
Both projects have a common base, the same receptors are used at the external surface of bacteria : '''[https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1492000 Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X(COMP)]'''. <br>
  
The interaction of these protein of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, and the cAMP produced will have a messenger role. By fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the CAP/cAMP complex, controlling the expression of a plac inducible promoter. This promoter is placed upstream the chosen reporter gene.
+
OmpX is an outer membrane protein with the C- and N-termini in the intracellular domain. To be able to use OmpX as a scaffold, a unnatural amino acid needs to be introduced.
 +
This can be done by implementing the amber stop codon TAG in one of the loops of OmpX via a mutation. With a specific tRNA an azide-functionalized amino acid can be built in,
 +
which can be used for the SPAAC click chemistry reaction using DIBO functionalized groups, this modified protein is called '''COMP'''.
 +
The complex '''aptamer''' fixed to a '''COMP''' is then named a '''COMB''' for '''Clickable Outer Membrane Biosensor'''.<br>
  
===NeuroDrop Project - Membrane BACTH ===
+
<br>The Grenoble-Alpes team aims to develop an '''Outer membrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid''' <i>(mBACTH)</i>.<br>
 +
In this case, the two adenylate cyclase sub-parts are fused to the C-terminal ends of '''COMPs''' with a [https://parts.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Part:BBa_K3128010 Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS)] of 54 amino acids <i>- in order to ensure a sufficient flexibility -</i>.<br>
 +
When '''COMBs''' catch the extracellular target, they get closer, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of
 +
the two sub-parts.<br>
 +
The enzyme is operational again and produce a high quantity of '''cAMP''' <i>(around 17,000 mmol of cAMP formed per mg of adenylate cyclase per minute)</i>,
 +
<u>the molecule responsible for the signal transduction in the bacteria</u>.<br>
 +
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/e/ec/BACTH_1.gif <br>
  
iGEM Grenoble-Alpes team have chose to create a membrane bacterial two hybrid by using the OmpX protein, fused with adenylate cyclase subparts.  
+
<br>'''cAMP''' molecules diffuse to the cytoplasm of the bacterium and interact with catabolite activator proteins (CAP) in a ratio 1 to 1.
 +
Yhen two '''cAMP-CA'''P complexes are needed to activate the <u>expression of the gene under the control of the lactose promoter</u>.<br>
 +
Because of the high quantity of cAMP diffusing in the cytoplasm of the bacterium, the reporter gene is continously activated as long as cAMP is produced.<br>
 +
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/f/fd/BACTH_2.gif <br>
  
As part of the iGEM Grenoble-Alpes 2019 project, the constitutive promoter allows the bacteria to have a huge quantity of proteins located at the membrane before the detection of the target in the external environment. In addition, the team needs just one gene under cAMP inducible CAP dependant '''plac promoter''' in its final system: the reporter gene, in order to do a membrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid.
+
<br>The high enzymatic activity of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Adenylate Cyclase generates a high production of '''cAMP''' in presence of ATP in the bacterium
 +
thus <u>activating the signalling cascade with the CAP-cAMP dependant promoter</u>.<br>
 +
Hence this system is promising because it might have a great sensitivity and may drive a great signal amplification for a low amount of melocules to be detected.<br>
 +
</div>
  
This biobrick constitutes a part of the mBACTH system that the team used as a negative control of this assay. Indeed, this biobrick with <partinfo>BBa_K3128017</partinfo> allow to have OmpX proteins fused to the two subunits of the adenylate cyclase from Bordetella Pertussis that move freely in the membrane. This condition enables the team to estimate the number of false positive in their system.
+
<br>
 
+
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/e/ec/BACTH_1.gif
+
https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/parts/f/fd/BACTH_2.gif
+
 
+
</div>
+
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
<sup>(1)</sup> Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature [Internet]. 1989
+
<i>
 
+
<sup>(1)</sup> Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature [Internet]. 1989<br>
<sup>(2)</sup> Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS [Internet]. 1998
+
<sup>(2)</sup> Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS [Internet]. 1998<br>
 
+
<sup>(3)</sup> Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. 2017<br>
<sup>(3)</sup> Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. 2017
+
Picture of the reaction ATP-cAMP. Khan Academy Website. Retrieved October 10, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org
 +
Euromedex, BACTH System Kit available here <br>
 +
Leusch, Paulaitis, Friedman. Adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis: production, purification, and partial characterization. Am Soc Microbiol | Infect Immun. (1990) <br>
 +
Hantke, Winkler, Schultz. Escherichia coli exports cyclic AMP via TolC. J Bacteriol. (2011) <br>
 +
Eindhoven 2015 Website, from http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Project/Design <br>
 +
</i>

Latest revision as of 22:12, 21 October 2019

OmpX-WT protein fused with T25 subpart of Bordetella Pertussis AC under constitutive promoter

Sequence and features

This biobrick is composed of the external membrane Outer Membrane Protein X Wild Type (OmpX-WT) protein fused at its C-terminal end to a 54 aa Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS) followed by the T25 sub-part of the Bordetella Pertussis adenylate cyclase (AC) .
This biobrick is under a constitutive promoter J23111, thereby OmpX-WT fused to T25 protein is constitutively expressed leading to a large amount of recombinant protein in the outer membrane at any time.


This BioBrick is intended to operate with BBa_K3128017.
These two biobricks are the negative condition of the mBACTH -free sub-parts condition-.
OmpX proteins are fused to the adenylate cyclase sub-parts at their C-terminal ends. The fusion protein move freely in the bacterial outer membrane, but they are not forced to get closer by any mean.
The reconstitution of the adenylate cyclase in this condition is only due to random occurrence between both parts.
The signal measured is considered as background noise.



Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 7
    Illegal NheI site found at 30
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BamHI site found at 1471
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]


Usage and Biology

In 1989, Fields and Song demonstrated a new genetic system allowing the detection of protein-protein interaction (1). At first, it was performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and it was named the yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H). In 1998, Ladant and al. described the system in bacteria (2). Nowadays, this biological technique is mostly used to show and characterize the physical interaction between two cytosolic proteins or internal membrane proteins in vivo (3).


Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two-Hybrid (BACTH)


The principle lies on the interaction-mediated reconstitution of a signalling cascade in Escherichia coli. The messenger molecule involved in this cascade is the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced by the adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme catalysing the cAMP production from ATP. It physiologically participates to the cellular transmission.


This system involves the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase which is the responsible agent for the pertussis disease. Adenylate cyclase catalytic domain has the particularity to be splittable in two distinct parts: T18 and T25 sub-parts, unable to fonction unless they reassociate. Each sub-part of the enzyme is fused with a protein of interest, either the bait or the prey protein chose beforehand by the experimentator.

T--Grenoble-Alpes--BACTH_classicBACTH.gif


If two proteins interact, then T18 and T25 are bring together and reconstitute a functional adenylate cyclase enzyme thus enabling cAMP production. Using cya- bacteria – strain for whom the adenylate gene is deleted, involving an absence of this endogenous enzyme – a BACTH could be done with the creation of two fusion proteins : the first one, fused at its N or C terminal intracellular end with the T18 sub-part; the second one fused with the T25 sub-part.
The interaction of these proteins of interest will lead to the adenylate cyclase reconstitution, thus initiating cAMP production. The cAMP produced will act as a messenger by fixing itself to the transcriptional activator CAP, cAMP form the CAP-cAMP complex, controlling the expression of the lactose promoter by initiating transcription of the following gene.
This promoter is placed upstream the chosen reporter gene.


NeuroDrop Project - Outer-Membrane BACTH (mBACTH)


BACTH_constructions.gif

[http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015] iGEM project’s aim was to develop a “universal membrane sensor platform for biosensors”.
This year, Team Grenoble-Alpes is designing a new tears biosensor system based on [http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven Eindhoven-2015]’s project. Both projects have a common base, the same receptors are used at the external surface of bacteria : Clickable Outer Membrane Protein X(COMP).

OmpX is an outer membrane protein with the C- and N-termini in the intracellular domain. To be able to use OmpX as a scaffold, a unnatural amino acid needs to be introduced. This can be done by implementing the amber stop codon TAG in one of the loops of OmpX via a mutation. With a specific tRNA an azide-functionalized amino acid can be built in, which can be used for the SPAAC click chemistry reaction using DIBO functionalized groups, this modified protein is called COMP. The complex aptamer fixed to a COMP is then named a COMB for Clickable Outer Membrane Biosensor.


The Grenoble-Alpes team aims to develop an Outer membrane Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid (mBACTH).
In this case, the two adenylate cyclase sub-parts are fused to the C-terminal ends of COMPs with a Gly-Gly-Ser Linker (GGS) of 54 amino acids - in order to ensure a sufficient flexibility -.
When COMBs catch the extracellular target, they get closer, thus allowing the reconstitution of a functional adenylate cyclase due to the physical proximity of the two sub-parts.
The enzyme is operational again and produce a high quantity of cAMP (around 17,000 mmol of cAMP formed per mg of adenylate cyclase per minute), the molecule responsible for the signal transduction in the bacteria.
BACTH_1.gif


cAMP molecules diffuse to the cytoplasm of the bacterium and interact with catabolite activator proteins (CAP) in a ratio 1 to 1. Yhen two cAMP-CAP complexes are needed to activate the expression of the gene under the control of the lactose promoter.
Because of the high quantity of cAMP diffusing in the cytoplasm of the bacterium, the reporter gene is continously activated as long as cAMP is produced.
BACTH_2.gif


The high enzymatic activity of Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase generates a high production of cAMP in presence of ATP in the bacterium thus activating the signalling cascade with the CAP-cAMP dependant promoter.
Hence this system is promising because it might have a great sensitivity and may drive a great signal amplification for a low amount of melocules to be detected.


References

(1) Fields S, Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions. Nature [Internet]. 1989
(2) Karimova G, Pidoux J, Ullmann A, Ladant D. A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway. PNAS [Internet]. 1998
(3) Karimova G, Gauliard E, Davi M, P.Ouellette S, Ladant D. Protein–Protein Interaction: Bacterial Two-Hybrid. 2017
Picture of the reaction ATP-cAMP. Khan Academy Website. Retrieved October 10, 2019, from https://www.khanacademy.org Euromedex, BACTH System Kit available here
Leusch, Paulaitis, Friedman. Adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis: production, purification, and partial characterization. Am Soc Microbiol | Infect Immun. (1990)
Hantke, Winkler, Schultz. Escherichia coli exports cyclic AMP via TolC. J Bacteriol. (2011)
Eindhoven 2015 Website, from http://2015.igem.org/Team:TU_Eindhoven/Project/Design