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| | <partinfo>BBa_K2596005 short</partinfo> | | <partinfo>BBa_K2596005 short</partinfo> |
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| − | This is a sucrose symporter protein from E. Coli. | + | This is a sucrose-proton symporter from <i>E. coli</i>. |
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| | <!-- Add more about the biology of this part here --> | | <!-- Add more about the biology of this part here --> |
| | ===Usage and Biology=== | | ===Usage and Biology=== |
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| − | CscB is a cell membrane protein that plays an integral role in transporting sucrose across the membrane as it is a sucrose-proton symporter. It is compatible in many strains of S. elongatus, including 2973, 6803 and 7942. S. elongatus is unique in that its cell membrane proton gradient is generated by maintaining a surplus of protons inside the cell. Sucrose can then be exported from the cell using the proton gradient. | + | CscB is a membrane-bound sucrose-proton (hydrogen ion) symporter. This CscB is specifically codon-optimized for <i>S. elongatus</i> PCC 7942. It is compatible in many strains of <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i>, including 2973, 6803 and 7942. <i>S. elongatus</i>, like most cyanobacteria, naturally produce a basic environment. Because the symporter is hydrogen-ion dependent, sucrose flows along the gradient from inside the cell (high amount of hydrogen ions) to outside of the cell (low amount of hydrogen ions). |
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| | + | Generally, it is useful to express CscB with an inducible protein as secreting sugar leads to rerouting carbon from growth [1]. As such, when using this biobrick, it's important to separate the growth and secretion phases. Because the cyanobacteria are secreting sugar, they are also more prone to contamination. |
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| | + | References: |
| | + | [1] Daniel C. Ducat, J. Abraham Avelar-Rivas, Jeffrey C. Way, Pamela A. Silver. "Rerouting Carbon Flux To Enhance Photosynthetic Productivity." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Mar 2012, 78 (8) 2660-2668; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.07901-11 |
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| | <span class='h3bb'>Sequence and Features</span> | | <span class='h3bb'>Sequence and Features</span> |
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| | ===Sucrose Assays=== | | ===Sucrose Assays=== |
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| − | [[File:T--Stony Brook--Experiments moldy WT.jpeg|thumb|Figure 1. Wild Type induced with NaCl and possibly contaminated with mold]]
| + | For experimental methods and results on characterization, look at the page for composite part BBa_K2596015. |
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| − | [[File:T--Stony Brook--Experiments moldy.jpeg|thumb|Figure 2 Cyanobacterial culture contaminated by unknown species of fungus]]
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| − | [[File:T--Stony Brook--Results glucose vs sucrose 1 week IPTG.png|thumb|Figure 3. Results for the sucrose assay after 1 week of IPTG induction for cscB colonies]]
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| − | [[File:T--Stony Brook--Results glucose vs sucrose 2 week IPTG.png|thumb|Figure 4. Results for the sucrose assay after 2 weeks of IPTG induction for cscB colonies]]
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| − | Experimental Methods:
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| − | In order to test CscB (sucrose permease), we added 150 mM of NaCl to 250 mL erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL of BG-11 to induce sugar production. S. elongatus PCC 7942 naturally produces sucrose to balance out the osmotic pressure caused by the extracellular salt. Additionally, we added 2 g/L of pH 8.0 HEPES buffer to prevent acidification of the media (as cscB depends on a basic environment to function). We also induced with 1 mM of IPTG after the cells had reached the mid-log phase.
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| − | The Sucrose/D-glucose assay kit was donated to us by Megazyme and was tested on the cyanobacteria after 1 week and then 2 weeks of IPTG induction. The cyanobacteria were spinned down at 10,000 g for ~5-10 minutes until a pellet formed, and 200 µL of their supernatant was extracted for the assay.
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| − | With the assay, the sample was mixed with both acetate buffer (negative control) and fructosidase. After incubating at 50 ℃ for 20 minutes, we added the GOPOD dye, which turns a bright pink (510 nm) when exposed to glucose. After incubating for the required time, we ran triplicates in a spectrophotometer and calculated glucose values with the calculator on Megazyme’s website.
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| − | We tested all of our samples against glucose and starch controls (0.25g/L of flour), as well as uninduced samples of cyanobacteria (which lacked NaCl and/or IPTG).
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| − | After the insignificant results, we measured the pH because cscB will not secrete sucrose in acidic conditions. Before even testing for sucrose, we noticed that the wild type culture (without antibiotics) had gotten visibly contaminated by fungus (figure 2). As such, we suspect contamination to be the major cause of our lack of results:
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| − | Then, we started a new round of testing, with and without added antibiotics. We conducted the sucrose assay as before, except the cultures with antibiotics were supplied with 10 µL spectinomycin and 10 µL streptomycin. The cultures we measured sucrose for are:
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| − | #1 = cscB #3 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 10 uM Spec 10 uM Strep 25 ℃
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| − | #2 = cscB #2 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 10 uM Spec 10 uM Strep 25 ℃
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| − | #3 = cscB #2 0 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 33 ℃
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| − | #4 = cscB #2 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 33 ℃
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| − | #5 = cscB #2 150 mM NaCl 33 ℃
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| − | #6 = cscB #4 #1 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 10 uM Spec 10 uM Strep 33 ℃
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| − | #7 = cscB #4 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 10 uM Spec 10 uM Strep 33 ℃
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| − | #8 = cscB #2 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 10 uM Spec 10 uM Strep 33 ℃
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| − | #9 = cscB #4 #2 150 mM NaCl 1 mM IPTG 33 ℃
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| − | Results:
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| − | Figure 3 shows the data for the sucrose d-glucose assay on the cyanobacteria after 1 week of IPTG induction while Figure 4 shows the data for sucrose d-glucose assay on the cyanobacteria after 2 weeks of IPTG induction. The controls for the experiment, glucose and starch, and uninduced samples of cyanobacteria (which lacked NaCl and/or IPTG) were not included in Figures 3 and 4. The induced samples showed no significant extracellular sucrose production compared to the starch controls.
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| − | After the insignificant results, we measured the pH. The pH was >7 for all cultures, so we suspected the lack of sucrose to be due to contamination or lack of selection pressure.
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| − | After addition of antibiotics to our culture, some values were positive for sucrose, but were likely due to leftover traces. Sucrose 2 is likely statistical anomaly and none of the other results were statistically significant.
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CscB is a membrane-bound sucrose-proton (hydrogen ion) symporter. This CscB is specifically codon-optimized for S. elongatus PCC 7942. It is compatible in many strains of Synechococcus elongatus, including 2973, 6803 and 7942. S. elongatus, like most cyanobacteria, naturally produce a basic environment. Because the symporter is hydrogen-ion dependent, sucrose flows along the gradient from inside the cell (high amount of hydrogen ions) to outside of the cell (low amount of hydrogen ions).
Generally, it is useful to express CscB with an inducible protein as secreting sugar leads to rerouting carbon from growth [1]. As such, when using this biobrick, it's important to separate the growth and secretion phases. Because the cyanobacteria are secreting sugar, they are also more prone to contamination.
References:
[1] Daniel C. Ducat, J. Abraham Avelar-Rivas, Jeffrey C. Way, Pamela A. Silver. "Rerouting Carbon Flux To Enhance Photosynthetic Productivity." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Mar 2012, 78 (8) 2660-2668; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.07901-11
For experimental methods and results on characterization, look at the page for composite part BBa_K2596015.
