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<b>Pelargonidin</b> is an anthocyanidin. Anthocyanidins are non-glycosylated precursors of anthocyanins, which are vacuolar pigments that appear yellow to dark-red (pH-dependent) and are responsible for the color of flowers and fruits and are health-promoting for humans.
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The iGEM Team TU Darmstadt 2014 constructed a pelargonidin producing operon under the control of a T7 promoter. (<a href="/Part:BBa_K1497014 ">K1497014 </a>and <a href="/Part:BBa_K1497015">K1497015</a>, respectively). The operon consists of 3 genes (flavonon-3beta-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase) each with strong RBS (Fig.1) This operon catalysis the reaction from naringenin to pelargonidin (Fig. 2).
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The F3H gene from <i>Petroselinum crispum</i> and the DFR gene from <i>Dianthus gratianopolitanus</i> were kindly provided from Dr. Stefan Martens (Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy). The ANS from <i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> was <i>E. coli</i> coding optimized and synthesized by MWG Eurofins.
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      <p class="MsoCaption" align="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Figure 1</b></span></a><span lang="EN-US">
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<b>A:</b> Genetic map of the pelargonidin producing operon R: RBS; F3H: flavonon-3beta-hydroxylase; DFR: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: anthocyanidin synthase.<b>B:</b> Reaction scheme of a pelargonidin producing operon. </span></p>
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===Functional Parameters===
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To analyze the pelargonidin production operon (<html><a href="/Part:BBa_K1497015">K1497015</a></html>), we transformed it into <i>E. coli</i> Bl21(DE3). An overnight LB culture was used to inoculate an expression-culture. The expression of pelargonidin was performed according to Yan et al., (2007). After the induction with 1 mM Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG) <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) cells were transferred into M9-media and fermented for 48h at 37°C in present of 0.1 mM naringenin.
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      <p class="MsoCaption" align="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Figure 2</b></span></a><span lang="EN-US">
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<i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) pellet containing the pelargonidin producing operon after the fermentation. According to Yan <i>et al.</i> (2007) a pelargonidin producing <i>E. coli</i> should be red after a pelargonidin production. The operon with the engineered anthocyanidin synthase produces more pelargonidin.</span></p>
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After the expression of pelagonidin producing operon with engineered ANS (<html><a href="/Part:BBa_K1497015">K1497015</a></html>) in the presence of 0.5 mM naringenin we performed an extraction of pelargonidin with methanol /dichloromethane from the pellet and verified the its pH-dependent color (Fig. 3).
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      <p class="MsoCaption" align="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Figure 3</b></span></a><span lang="EN-US">
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Extracted pelargonidin from <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) under day light. The color of pelargonidin depends on pH and the solvent. This indicates the present of pelargonidin. Left: Methanol extraction; right: Dichlormethane extraction.</span></p>
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===References===
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1. Yan Y, Chemler J, Huang L, et al. (2005) Metabolic Engineering of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. 71:3617–3623. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3617
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2. Yan Y, Li Z, Koffas M a G (2008) High-yield anthocyanin biosynthesis in engineered  Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 100:126–40. doi: 10.1002/bit.21721

Latest revision as of 01:37, 18 October 2014

Pelargonidin producing operon B0034-F3H-B0034-DFR-B0034-eANS



Pelargonidin is an anthocyanidin. Anthocyanidins are non-glycosylated precursors of anthocyanins, which are vacuolar pigments that appear yellow to dark-red (pH-dependent) and are responsible for the color of flowers and fruits and are health-promoting for humans. The iGEM Team TU Darmstadt 2014 constructed a pelargonidin producing operon under the control of a T7 promoter. (K1497014 and K1497015, respectively). The operon consists of 3 genes (flavonon-3beta-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase) each with strong RBS (Fig.1) This operon catalysis the reaction from naringenin to pelargonidin (Fig. 2).

The F3H gene from Petroselinum crispum and the DFR gene from Dianthus gratianopolitanus were kindly provided from Dr. Stefan Martens (Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy). The ANS from Fragaria x ananassa was E. coli coding optimized and synthesized by MWG Eurofins.


Figure 1 A: Genetic map of the pelargonidin producing operon R: RBS; F3H: flavonon-3beta-hydroxylase; DFR: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: anthocyanidin synthase.B: Reaction scheme of a pelargonidin producing operon.

Functional Parameters

To analyze the pelargonidin production operon (K1497015), we transformed it into E. coli Bl21(DE3). An overnight LB culture was used to inoculate an expression-culture. The expression of pelargonidin was performed according to Yan et al., (2007). After the induction with 1 mM Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG) E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells were transferred into M9-media and fermented for 48h at 37°C in present of 0.1 mM naringenin.


Figure 2 E. coli BL21 (DE3) pellet containing the pelargonidin producing operon after the fermentation. According to Yan et al. (2007) a pelargonidin producing E. coli should be red after a pelargonidin production. The operon with the engineered anthocyanidin synthase produces more pelargonidin.

After the expression of pelagonidin producing operon with engineered ANS (K1497015) in the presence of 0.5 mM naringenin we performed an extraction of pelargonidin with methanol /dichloromethane from the pellet and verified the its pH-dependent color (Fig. 3).



Figure 3 Extracted pelargonidin from E. coli BL21 (DE3) under day light. The color of pelargonidin depends on pH and the solvent. This indicates the present of pelargonidin. Left: Methanol extraction; right: Dichlormethane extraction.



Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 185
    Illegal BamHI site found at 675
    Illegal BamHI site found at 1481
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal AgeI site found at 1233
  • 1000
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
    Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 1218


References

1. Yan Y, Chemler J, Huang L, et al. (2005) Metabolic Engineering of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. 71:3617–3623. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3617

2. Yan Y, Li Z, Koffas M a G (2008) High-yield anthocyanin biosynthesis in engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnology and bioengineering 100:126–40. doi: 10.1002/bit.21721