Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K1129030"
 
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<partinfo>BBa_K1129030 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K1129030 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
  
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Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction converting L-phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is the first and committed step in the phenyl propanoid pathway and is therefore involved in the biosynthesis of the polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and lignin in plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is found widely in plants, as well as some yeast and fungi, with isoenzymes existing within many different species. It has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The activity of PAL is induced dramatically in response to various stimuli such as tissue wounding, pathogenic attack, light, low temperatures, and hormones. PAL has recently been studied for possible therapeutic benefits in humans afflicted with phenylketonuria. It has also been used in the generation of L-phenylalanine as precursor of the sweetener aspartame.
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Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. PAL is the first committed enzyme in the Phenylpropanoid pathway and is therefore involved in lignin degradation. PAL’s can be found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and it has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The deaminating action of PAL is conserved among the ammonia Lyase family that includes Histadine Ammonia Lyase, and Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase.
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The enzyme is a member of the ammonia lyase family, which cleaves carbon-nitrogen bonds. Like other lyases, phenylalanine requires only one substrate for the forward reaction, but two for the reverse. It is thought to be mechanistically similar to the related enzyme histidine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.3, HAL). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming). Previously, it was designated EC 4.3.1.5, but that class has been redesignated as EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyases), EC 4.3.1.25 (tyrosine ammonia-lyases), and EC 4.3.1.26 (phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyases). Other names in common use include tyrase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase, phenylalanine ammonium-lyase, PAL, and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
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'''References'''
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'''Useful resources'''
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1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
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2) http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00940
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3) http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25872
  
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1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase
 
  
  

Latest revision as of 02:47, 28 September 2013

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase under arabinose promoter

Arab+rbs+PAL+term

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 125
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 2246
    Illegal BamHI site found at 65
    Illegal BamHI site found at 508
    Illegal XhoI site found at 559
    Illegal XhoI site found at 622
    Illegal XhoI site found at 640
    Illegal XhoI site found at 718
    Illegal XhoI site found at 919
    Illegal XhoI site found at 1162
    Illegal XhoI site found at 1909
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1078
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1324
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1492
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1635
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 1969
  • 1000
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
    Illegal BsaI site found at 619
    Illegal BsaI site found at 949
    Illegal BsaI site found at 955
    Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 2080
    Illegal SapI site found at 909

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. PAL is the first committed enzyme in the Phenylpropanoid pathway and is therefore involved in lignin degradation. PAL’s can be found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and it has a molecular mass in the range of 270-330 kDa. The deaminating action of PAL is conserved among the ammonia Lyase family that includes Histadine Ammonia Lyase, and Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase.

Useful resources

1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase

2) http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00940

3) http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25872