Latest revision as of 10:34, 2 October 2024

crtY (lycopene cyclase) coding sequence

Toulouse_INSA-UPS 2020contributed to the characterisation of this part by adding a new documentation learned form literature on the expression and stability of CrtI.
(--antonmykhailiuk 19:10, 08 October 2020 (UTC+2))

Coding sequence for crtY (lycopene cyclase) from Pantoea ananatis (formerly Erwinia uredovora) DSMZ 30080 (ATCC 19321). Accession: D90087. Part of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.

Contribution from other teams

Toulouse_INSA-UPS 2020's contribution

Characterisation

Since the CrtI (phytoene desaturase) is a part of the biosynthesis pathway of carotenoids (fig. 1), it is often co-expressed with the other enzymes of the pathway: such as CrtB or CrtY. Rabeharindranto et al. analyzed the expression of single domain CrtI, CrtY, and CrtB (fig.2). CrtB is unambiguously detected as an intense bands in all strains B, B/I or Y/B/I. On the other hand, CrtI can be observed at the expected size (67kDa) only when coexpressed with CrtY domain (strain Y/B/I). The explanation could be that CrtI protein needs to be co-expressed together with CrtY to have a normal production/stability. A faint band with 50kDa migration pattern could be observed in B/I strain which could further support the idea of low production or stability of CrtI in absence of CrtY.

Fig. 1: From Rabeharindranto et al. 2019. Presumed biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of β-carotene in X. dendrorhous (Verdoes et al., 1999). The bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase (CrtYB) enzyme is depicted in orange, the phytoene desaturase enzyme (CrtI) is depicted in red. Orange or red boxes represent the localization of the modifications introduced by the CrtYB or CrtI enzymes respectively.

Fig. 2: From Rabeharindranto et al. 2019. Expression of the different constructs in crude extracts detected in western blots. For other details, please refer to [1]

The second point concerns the presence of a natural fusion of CrtY (lycopene cyclase) and CrtB(phytoene synthase). Although, in eucaryotes, CrtB enzyme is predicted to be cytosolic and CrtY enzyme is predicted to be transmembrane [2], surprisingly, there is a natural fusion between CrtY and CrtB which gives CrtYB enzyme[3]. There is a strong opinion on the importance of this natural fusion on the activity of phytoene synthase [4,5]. Rabeharindranto et al. confirmed the impact of CrtY and CrtB splitting on the phytoene production as it has significantly decreased (40 times) in the B strain compared to the Y(yb)B strain (fig. 3).

Fig. 3: From Rabeharindranto et al. 2019. Quantification of carotenoids from the strains bearing single domains enzymes. Major carotenoids were quantified from strains expressing single domain enzymes (B, B/I, B/I/Y) and are compared to data obtained for strain Y(yb)B (left side) or Y(yb)B/I (right side). Metabolites are colored according to the legend in the right. The metabolic pathway from phytoene to carotene is depicted at the top with the same color code as previously, white squares correspond to intermediate metabolites that were not detected. Values represent the average ± S.D. of the quantification of each metabolite with three independent cultures. For other details, please refer to [1]

References for Toulouse_INSA-UPS 2020's contribution

• [1]Rabeharindranto, H., Castaño-Cerezo, S., Lautier, T., Garcia-Alles, L. F., Treitz, C., Tholey, A., & Truan, G. (2019). Enzyme-fusion strategies for redirecting and improving carotenoid synthesis in S. cerevisiae. Metabolic Engineering Communications, 8, e00086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00086
• [2]Schaub, P., Yu, Q., Gemmecker, S., Poussin-Courmontagne, P., Mailliot, J., McEwen, A.G., et al., 2012. On the structure and function of the phytoene desaturase CRTI from Pantoea ananatis, a membrane-peripheral and FAD-dependent oxidase/isomerase. PLoS One 7, e39550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039550
• [3]Verdoes, J.C., Krubasik, P., Sandmann, G., Van Ooyen, A.J.J., 1999. Isolation and functional characterisation of a novel type of carotenoid biosynthetic gene from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Mol. Gen. Genet. MGG 262, 453–461.
• [4]Niklitschek, M., Alcaíno, J., Barahona, S., Sepúlveda, D., Lozano, C., Carmona, M., et al., 2008. Genomic organization of the structural genes controlling the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Biol. Res. 41, 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602008000100011.
• [5]Xie, W., Lv, X., Ye, L., Zhou, P., Yu, H., 2015a. Construction of lycopene-overproducing

Saccharomyces cerevisiae by combining directed evolution and metabolic engineering. Metab. Eng. 30, 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.04.009.

Sequence and Features

Contribution by Team 2024 Foshan-GreatBay

Summary

Construction Design

We constructed the plasmid by placing the gene under the regulation of a strong constitutive GAP promoter and a CYC terminator, respectively. Integration sequence was added upstream and downstream of the expression cassette to integrate the target gene into the genome of S. cerevisiae using the CRISPR/Cas9 system (Figure 1).

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Experimental Approach

Construction of integration plasmids

Firstly, we obtained the target gene expression frames (GAP promotor-gene-CYC terminator) by PCR amplification, and agarose gel electrophoresis results showed that we succeeded in obtaining these fragments. Next, we double-digested the target fragment and the vector (containing the S. cerevisiae XI-2 integration site genes) and obtained the plasmid by enzymatic ligation. Finally, we transformed the enzyme-ligation product into E. coli DH5α competent cells, and the colony PCR and sequencing results showed that we successfully constructed the plasmid (Figure 2).

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