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| − | <section id="1">
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| − | <h1>IncP origin of transfer</h1>
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| − | <p>The IncP origin of transfer (<i>oriT</i>) is a conserved DNA sequence that is essential for conjugation-mediated DNA transfer between bacteria. The <i>oriT</i> sequence contains a <i>nic</i> site that is recognized by the TraI relaxase, which generates a nick and initiates the conjugation process (Virolle et al., 2020). </p>
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| − | <p>We tested the of functionality of this <i>oriT</i> sequence by performing conjugation assays on both solid and liquid media.</p>
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| − | <section id="2">
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| − | <h1>Results</h1>
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| − | <p>We carried out conjugation assays using the RP4 system (IncP) in the <i>trans</i> configuration: a dual-plasmid-system where the RP4 conjugation machinery (encoded by pHelper_RP4) and the <i>oriT</i> sequence (present in pmob_b) are present on separate plasmids and thus, only the plasmid carring the <i>oriT</i> (the mobilizable plasmid) is transferred between bacteria. All plasmids used possessed distinct antibiotic resistance genes and so, conjugation was implied from the survival of recipient bacteria on agar plates selecting for the bacteria with mobilizable plasmid. Additionally, all recipients carried a plasmid conferring a common antibiotic resistance to enable selection against donors. Appropriate experimental controls were included (refer Table 1).</p>
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| − | <th style="text-align: left; width: 30%;">Condition</th>
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| − | <th style="text-align: left; width: 35%;">Donor</th>
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| − | <th style="text-align: left; width: 35%;">Recipient</th>
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| − | <td>Negative Control 1</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> 10-beta with pHelper_RP4</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3)</td>
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| − | </tr>
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| − | <td>Negative Control 2</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> 10-beta with pmob_b</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3)</td>
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| − | </tr>
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| − | <td>Positive Control</td>
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| − | <td>-</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3) transformed with pmob_b</td>
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| − | <td>Test Group</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> 10-beta with both pHelper_RP4 and pmob_b</td>
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| − | <td><i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3)</td>
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| − | <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; padding-top: 10px;"><b>Table 1.</b> Donors and recipients in the different controls and in the test group used for the bacteria-bacteria conjugation assay.</caption>
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| − | <p>The conjugation assay was performed as described by Silbert et al., (2021) on both solid and liquid media (without shaking) for 18 hours at 37 °C. After conjugation, the the OD<sub>600</sub> of the bacteria were adjusted to 2.4 and serial diltutions (ranging from 10<sup>-2</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup>) were plated on two types of LB agar plates (one selecting for transconjugants and another selecting for recipients). Finally, the conjugation efficiency was calculated by dividing the number of transconjugant colonies by the number of recipient colonies at a particular dilution.</p>
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| − | <img alt="Inter-bacterial conjugation results" src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5237/wetlab-results/conjugation-plot.svg" style="width:99%;" class="thumbimage">
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| − | <div class="thumbcaption">
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| − | <i><b>Figure 1: Efficiency of conjugation on solid media.</b> Bar charts depicting the conjugation efficiency (reported as transconjugants/recipient) of the various experimental groups. Three technical replicates were used for the OD<sub>600</sub> 10 test group.</p>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − | </div>
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| − |
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| − | <p>It was observed that the conjugation efficiencies (calculated as transconjugants per recipient) differed depending on the OD<sub>600</sub> of the donors and recipients used at the start of conjugation. Notably, a 1000-fold increase in conjugation efficiency was observed between the test groups upon increasing the OD<sub>600</sub> from 1.2 to 10 (Figure 1). This provides a clear indication that cell density and therefore, enhanced cell-cell contact is an important parameter for conjugation on solid media. Interestingly, at an OD<sub>600</sub> of 10, we also observe some natural transformation happening in case of the negative control 2 samples, which could be a consequence of high cell density resulting in increased chances of natural transformation. In liquid media however, we could not show any conjugation happening, which confirms the inefficiency of the wild-type RP4 system to mediate conjugation in liquid media. Moreover, the positive controls that were chemically transformed grew on selective agar plates, suggesting that the apparent lack of conjugation in liquid media is not due to the experimental conditions but rather the inefficiency of the conjugative system itself, under liquid conditions. </p>
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| − | </section>
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| − | <section id="3">
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| − | <h1>References</h1>
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| − | <p>Silbert, J., Lorenzo, V. De, & Aparicio, T. (2021). Refactoring the Conjugation Machinery of Promiscuous Plasmid RP4 into a Device for Conversion of Gram-Negative Isolates to Hfr Strains. ACS Synthetic Biology, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.0c00611</p>
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| − | <p>Virolle, C., Goldlust, K., Djermoun, S., Bigot, S., & Lesterlin, C. (2020). Plasmid transfer by conjugation in gram-negative bacteria: From the cellular to the community level. In Genes (Vol. 11, Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111239</p>
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| − | </section>
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