Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K3832010"
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ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate
 
ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate
  
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<!-- Add more about the biology of this part here
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===Usage and Biology===
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<!-- Uncomment this to enable Functional Parameter display
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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===Functional Parameters===
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<html lang="en">
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<partinfo>BBa_K3832010 parameters</partinfo>
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<head>
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<!-- -->
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    <meta charset="UTF-8">
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    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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    <title>pGEX-4T-1-PK Documentation</title>
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</head>
 +
<body>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Improvement Section -->
 +
    <h2>Improvement by Tianyu Sun</h2>
 +
    <p>Team: Beijing-HS 2024<br>
 +
    Upload By: Tianyu Sun</p>
 +
 
 +
    <h3>Summary</h3>
 +
    <p>Compared with the old part of pyruvate kinase (PK, BBa_K3832010), we have increased the application range of pyruvate kinase. Probiotics can now produce pyruvate kinase to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and help in the treatment of depression. We have also added a new part, pGEX-4T-1-PK (BBa_K5190003), and supported this with extensive test data.</p>
 +
   
 +
    <p>The experimental test data are focused on the following aspects:</p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
        <li>We constructed the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-PK and used heat shock transformation into <em>E. coli</em> DH5α to preserve the plasmid.</li>
 +
        <li>We performed protein expression in <em>E. coli</em> BL21 and identified the successful expression of the target protein using SDS-PAGE.</li>
 +
        <li>We conducted in vitro enzyme activity assays for pyruvate kinase (PK) to more intuitively demonstrate the changes in enzyme activity in our engineered strains.</li>
 +
        <li>Finally, we transformed the recombinant plasmids (pGEX-4T-1-PK) into <em>E. coli</em> ECN and used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the content of propionate.</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Engineering Principle Section -->
 +
    <h2>Engineering Principle</h2>
 +
    <p>Propionic acid salt levels in the intestine are believed to be associated with various diseases, including depression. Attempts to regulate gut microbiota to increase propionic acid salt levels to improve conditions are ongoing. Once successful, such research will benefit hundreds of millions of people globally.</p>
 +
   
 +
    <p>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) refer to fatty acids containing 5 carbon atoms or fewer, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, which are typically present in the intestine in salt form<sup>1</sup>. Current research focuses mainly on acetate, propionate, and butyrate salts. Due to the functional overlap and interconversion among these salts, supplementation of a single component can also effectively supplement short-chain fatty acid salts<sup>2</sup>.</p>
 +
   
 +
    <p>We have analyzed the metabolic pathways and identified the key pyruvate kinase (PK) related to SCFAs (Figure 1). We aim to enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids in the strain by overexpressing the key pyruvate kinase (PK) in order to further achieve the purpose of aiding the treatment of depression.</p>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Figure 1 -->
 +
    <div style="text-align:center;">
 +
        <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5190/k3832010/1.png" width="50%" alt="Figure 1. Metabolic Engineering Diagram of SCFAs (Red Indicates Overexpression)">
 +
        <div style="text-align:center;">
 +
            <caption>Figure 1. Metabolic Engineering Diagram of SCFAs (Red Indicates Overexpression)</caption>
 +
        </div>
 +
    </div>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Construction Design Section -->
 +
    <h2>Construction Design</h2>
 +
    <p>The pGEX (BBa_K5024006) plasmid was provided by our institution's strain repository, and the target gene PK (BBa_K3832010) was synthesized by a biotech company. Using the pGEX plasmid as a template, the PK fragment was homologously recombined with a linearized plasmid to construct pGEX-4T-1-PK (BBa_K5190003) (Figure 2).</p>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Figure 2 -->
 +
    <div style="text-align:center;">
 +
        <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5190/k3832010/2.png" width="50%" alt="Figure 2. The plasmid map of pGEX-4T-1-PK">
 +
        <div style="text-align:center;">
 +
            <caption>Figure 2. The plasmid map of pGEX-4T-1-PK</caption>
 +
        </div>
 +
    </div>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- Characterization/Measurement Section -->
 +
    <h2>Characterization/Measurement</h2>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- 1. Protein Expression Section -->
 +
    <h3>1. Protein Expression</h3>
 +
    <p>We performed protein expression in <em>E. coli</em> BL21 and <em>E. coli</em> ECN. SDS-PAGE was used to identify whether the target protein was successfully expressed. The successful expression of the target protein is demonstrated by the protein bands observed in SDS-PAGE experiments.</p>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- 2. Functional Test Section -->
 +
    <h3>2. Functional Test</h3>
 +
 
 +
    <h4>Ⅰ: In Vitro Enzyme Activity Assays for Pyruvate Kinase</h4>
 +
    <p>We conducted in vitro enzyme activity assays for pyruvate kinase (PK) to intuitively demonstrate the changes in enzyme activity of our engineered strains. The enzyme activity of PK was measured using a standard PK enzyme assay kit, and the results show a significant enhancement in PK activity in our modified strains.</p>
 +
 
 +
    <h4>Ⅱ: HPLC Detection of Propionate Content</h4>
 +
    <p>We transformed the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-PK into <em>E. coli</em> ECN and performed fermentation. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we monitored the propionate content over time in both the control and experimental groups. The data show an increase in propionate content in the engineered strain, further demonstrating the successful production of propionate by the engineered strains.</p>
 +
 
 +
    <!-- References -->
 +
    <h4>References</h4>
 +
    <p>
 +
        <sup>1</sup> Silva, Y.P., Bernardi, A. & Frozza, R.L. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11, 25 (2020).<br>
 +
        <sup>2</sup> Fan, L., et al. Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity. Sci China Life Sci 66, 2466-2514 (2023).<br>
 +
        <sup>3</sup> Tomar, A., Eiteman, M.A. & Altman, E. The effect of acetate pathway mutations on the production of pyruvate in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62, 76-82 (2003).
 +
    </p>
 +
 
 +
</body>
 +
</html>

Revision as of 14:25, 27 September 2024


pykA (pyruvate kinase II)

This part encodes pyruvate kinase II (E.C. 2.7.1.40) in E.coli DH5a and K-12 substrain.

Reaction:

ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate


Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
    Illegal PstI site found at 953
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal PstI site found at 953
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 606
  • 23
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
    Illegal PstI site found at 953
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal PstI site found at 953
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]


<!DOCTYPE html> pGEX-4T-1-PK Documentation

Improvement by Tianyu Sun

Team: Beijing-HS 2024
Upload By: Tianyu Sun

Summary

Compared with the old part of pyruvate kinase (PK, BBa_K3832010), we have increased the application range of pyruvate kinase. Probiotics can now produce pyruvate kinase to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and help in the treatment of depression. We have also added a new part, pGEX-4T-1-PK (BBa_K5190003), and supported this with extensive test data.

The experimental test data are focused on the following aspects:

  • We constructed the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-PK and used heat shock transformation into E. coli DH5α to preserve the plasmid.
  • We performed protein expression in E. coli BL21 and identified the successful expression of the target protein using SDS-PAGE.
  • We conducted in vitro enzyme activity assays for pyruvate kinase (PK) to more intuitively demonstrate the changes in enzyme activity in our engineered strains.
  • Finally, we transformed the recombinant plasmids (pGEX-4T-1-PK) into E. coli ECN and used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the content of propionate.

Engineering Principle

Propionic acid salt levels in the intestine are believed to be associated with various diseases, including depression. Attempts to regulate gut microbiota to increase propionic acid salt levels to improve conditions are ongoing. Once successful, such research will benefit hundreds of millions of people globally.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) refer to fatty acids containing 5 carbon atoms or fewer, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, which are typically present in the intestine in salt form1. Current research focuses mainly on acetate, propionate, and butyrate salts. Due to the functional overlap and interconversion among these salts, supplementation of a single component can also effectively supplement short-chain fatty acid salts2.

We have analyzed the metabolic pathways and identified the key pyruvate kinase (PK) related to SCFAs (Figure 1). We aim to enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids in the strain by overexpressing the key pyruvate kinase (PK) in order to further achieve the purpose of aiding the treatment of depression.

Figure 1. Metabolic Engineering Diagram of SCFAs (Red Indicates Overexpression)
Figure 1. Metabolic Engineering Diagram of SCFAs (Red Indicates Overexpression)

Construction Design

The pGEX (BBa_K5024006) plasmid was provided by our institution's strain repository, and the target gene PK (BBa_K3832010) was synthesized by a biotech company. Using the pGEX plasmid as a template, the PK fragment was homologously recombined with a linearized plasmid to construct pGEX-4T-1-PK (BBa_K5190003) (Figure 2).

Figure 2. The plasmid map of pGEX-4T-1-PK
Figure 2. The plasmid map of pGEX-4T-1-PK

Characterization/Measurement

1. Protein Expression

We performed protein expression in E. coli BL21 and E. coli ECN. SDS-PAGE was used to identify whether the target protein was successfully expressed. The successful expression of the target protein is demonstrated by the protein bands observed in SDS-PAGE experiments.

2. Functional Test

Ⅰ: In Vitro Enzyme Activity Assays for Pyruvate Kinase

We conducted in vitro enzyme activity assays for pyruvate kinase (PK) to intuitively demonstrate the changes in enzyme activity of our engineered strains. The enzyme activity of PK was measured using a standard PK enzyme assay kit, and the results show a significant enhancement in PK activity in our modified strains.

Ⅱ: HPLC Detection of Propionate Content

We transformed the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-PK into E. coli ECN and performed fermentation. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we monitored the propionate content over time in both the control and experimental groups. The data show an increase in propionate content in the engineered strain, further demonstrating the successful production of propionate by the engineered strains.

References

1 Silva, Y.P., Bernardi, A. & Frozza, R.L. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11, 25 (2020).
2 Fan, L., et al. Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity. Sci China Life Sci 66, 2466-2514 (2023).
3 Tomar, A., Eiteman, M.A. & Altman, E. The effect of acetate pathway mutations on the production of pyruvate in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62, 76-82 (2003).