Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K4181021"

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	This part contains four gene segments, cotE and cotB and tyrosinase act to produce melanin on spores, while DSUP acts to protect the resulting DNA		This part contains four gene segments, cotE and cotB and tyrosinase act to produce melanin on spores, while DSUP acts to protect the resulting DNA
−	<!-- Add more about the biology of this part here	+	===Verification of Dsup===
−	===Usage and Biology===	+	<p>In our design, we add his-tag to Dsup protein and this protein is theoretically bind to the bacterial DNA inside the cell. So, it is a practical idea to detect Dsup protein use Western Blot. Anti-his tag antigen from mouse was used as the primary antigen and the secondary antigen is bind with HRP. The result of our WB test is showing below:</p>
		+	[[File:2022-SJTU-Biox-Shanghai-6.png|500px|center]]<br>
		+	<p align="center">'''Figure 1.'''The result of Wester blotting, sample names are on the top. It can be clearly recognize that two lines are visible while the WT with no line, despite of the improper position.<br></p>
		+
		+
		+	<p>From the photo above, we can recgonize a relatively clear line in the middle of the marker ranging from 55kD to 70kD in the IPTG induced sample and only-plasmid samole, while no line can be observed by the control sample, which is the wildtype WB800N with no plasmid transferred. It is not very obvious and this indicates a relatively low propotion of targeted protein. However, before we conducted the WB assay, we use Bradford protein assay to determine the concentration of total protein in solution, which is extracted directly after treatment of lysozyme. It provided a standard curve of our samples compared to the the standard concentration. Therefore, we indicate that this is because of the following reasons：firstly, as a bacteria chassis known for its production of proteins, B.subtilis had lots of proteins intrinsically; second, we added 30μl protein marker because of the total protein quntity is beyond our expectation so we decided to add more, but this in turn made the marker so bright when we took photo, causing troubles to modulate the time of light exposure; thirdly, there may need some adjustment to our IPTG induction time or to our plasmid.
		+	However, Dsup protein, which is 1338bp in sequence, is 42.8kD if calculated by the rule of thumb. Therefore, we had to find out what is wrong in our experiments or the reasons behind this relatively larger results. After disccustion with our advisors and instructors, we thought the result was produced because of the following reasons: firstly, as we could see from the picture, the standard lines of the markers were also a bit close, which means the time of running the electrophoresis is a little bit short and thus there existed the possibility that the different quantity and quanlity of proteins hadn't seperated enough before we stopping the reaction and beginning membrane transfer. Therefore, our instructor suggested that we can treat this result as a successful positive one which is not so solid and perfect. Besides, he advised us to do another test to fully validate the expression of Dsup, thus we conducted a straight-forward SDS-PAGE to make further improvement.
		+	Besides, as the WB indicated the low production rate of our protein, we decided to entend our induction time into 9 hours and do not refer to the total protein quantity as a parameter. By the same time, we tried to look for a stronger-promoter because we suspected the lac operon used now may not be potent and productive enough.</p>
		+	<p>We conducted SDS-PAGE as a complement and verification to the result of Western blot. The procedures were much less and we used Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 to stain. The result is shown below:</p>
		+	[[File:2022-SJTU-Biox-Shanghai-7.png|500px|center]]<br>
		+	<p align="center">'''Figure 2.'''Result of SDS-PAGE to detect Dsup protein.<br>
		+	<!-- -->
		+
		+
		+	===Viability Test===
		+	After verification of protein expression, we next turn to characterize the proteins and test their functions under the target conditions of UV radiations. The first experiments was test on Dsup protein. This protein is found to bind the genome by its relatively flexible sequence. We firstly induced target protein expression in the three B.subilis groups (as mentioned under the subtitles of sporulation) and spreaded them on the plate. Next, the plates were exposed to a grandient of UV intensities and then cultured under 37℃ overnight. Bacteria survival rate was then analysed by counting colony numbers and make comparison between our results. The photoes taken for our 45 plates and the statistical analyses are showing below.</p>
		+	[[File:2022-SJTU-Biox-Shanghai-8.png|500px|center]]<br>
		+	<p align="center">'''Figure 3.'''Pictures of 45 plates(9*5) and statistical results.<br>
	<!-- -->		<!-- -->

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Latest revision as of 10:47, 12 October 2022

The sequence that we use to produce melanin and protect DNA

This part contains four gene segments, cotE and cotB and tyrosinase act to produce melanin on spores, while DSUP acts to protect the resulting DNA

Verification of Dsup

In our design, we add his-tag to Dsup protein and this protein is theoretically bind to the bacterial DNA inside the cell. So, it is a practical idea to detect Dsup protein use Western Blot. Anti-his tag antigen from mouse was used as the primary antigen and the secondary antigen is bind with HRP. The result of our WB test is showing below:

Figure 1.The result of Wester blotting, sample names are on the top. It can be clearly recognize that two lines are visible while the WT with no line, despite of the improper position.

From the photo above, we can recgonize a relatively clear line in the middle of the marker ranging from 55kD to 70kD in the IPTG induced sample and only-plasmid samole, while no line can be observed by the control sample, which is the wildtype WB800N with no plasmid transferred. It is not very obvious and this indicates a relatively low propotion of targeted protein. However, before we conducted the WB assay, we use Bradford protein assay to determine the concentration of total protein in solution, which is extracted directly after treatment of lysozyme. It provided a standard curve of our samples compared to the the standard concentration. Therefore, we indicate that this is because of the following reasons：firstly, as a bacteria chassis known for its production of proteins, B.subtilis had lots of proteins intrinsically; second, we added 30μl protein marker because of the total protein quntity is beyond our expectation so we decided to add more, but this in turn made the marker so bright when we took photo, causing troubles to modulate the time of light exposure; thirdly, there may need some adjustment to our IPTG induction time or to our plasmid. However, Dsup protein, which is 1338bp in sequence, is 42.8kD if calculated by the rule of thumb. Therefore, we had to find out what is wrong in our experiments or the reasons behind this relatively larger results. After disccustion with our advisors and instructors, we thought the result was produced because of the following reasons: firstly, as we could see from the picture, the standard lines of the markers were also a bit close, which means the time of running the electrophoresis is a little bit short and thus there existed the possibility that the different quantity and quanlity of proteins hadn't seperated enough before we stopping the reaction and beginning membrane transfer. Therefore, our instructor suggested that we can treat this result as a successful positive one which is not so solid and perfect. Besides, he advised us to do another test to fully validate the expression of Dsup, thus we conducted a straight-forward SDS-PAGE to make further improvement. Besides, as the WB indicated the low production rate of our protein, we decided to entend our induction time into 9 hours and do not refer to the total protein quantity as a parameter. By the same time, we tried to look for a stronger-promoter because we suspected the lac operon used now may not be potent and productive enough.

We conducted SDS-PAGE as a complement and verification to the result of Western blot. The procedures were much less and we used Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 to stain. The result is shown below:

Figure 2.Result of SDS-PAGE to detect Dsup protein.

Viability Test

After verification of protein expression, we next turn to characterize the proteins and test their functions under the target conditions of UV radiations. The first experiments was test on Dsup protein. This protein is found to bind the genome by its relatively flexible sequence. We firstly induced target protein expression in the three B.subilis groups (as mentioned under the subtitles of sporulation) and spreaded them on the plate. Next, the plates were exposed to a grandient of UV intensities and then cultured under 37℃ overnight. Bacteria survival rate was then analysed by counting colony numbers and make comparison between our results. The photoes taken for our 45 plates and the statistical analyses are showing below.

Figure 3.Pictures of 45 plates(9*5) and statistical results.
Sequence and Features