Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K2888003"

 
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<span class='h3bb'>Sequence and Features</span>
 
<span class='h3bb'>Sequence and Features</span>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K2888003 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K2888003 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 +
 +
===Introduction===
 +
<html>
 +
<p>1. The aspartic and glutamic acid residues at the active site of the lysozyme would wrap around the glycosidic bond between 6 carbon conponent N-acetylmuramic acid （NAM）and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) of the carbohydrate section of the peptidoglycan. The carboxyl group on the aspartic acid attacks the carbon on NAM, attaching the aspartic acid to the NAM. Meanwhile, an oxygen on the NAG would pick up the hydrogen proton on the glutamic acid, deprotonating the glutamic acid into a glutamate.</p>
 +
 +
<p>2. The lysis of lysozyme has to take place in aqueous environment. The addition of a water molecule would complete the hydrolysis reaction by protonating the glutamate back to glutamic acid; it would also deprotonate the aspartic acid from the NAM, restoring it back to its reduced form, while leaving a hydroxyl group on the end of NAM. This way, the lysozyme would keep its own structure unchanged while degrading the carbohydrate section of the peptidoglycan into the NAM/NAG components.</p>
 +
<img src= "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/0/09/T--SBS_SH_112144--CyanoElimination3.svg" width="600" height="400/>
 +
</html>
 +
 +
===Design Notes===
 +
<html>
 +
<p>We directly copy the sequence from the previous experiment by Kunal Mehta, Niklaus Evitt and James Swartz. However, since it has the unexpected restriction sites, we have replaced them with corresponding code.</p>
 +
 +
<p>Our cp-OS lysozyme 1 is a form of bacteriophage lysozyme that exists in virus. Once the cyanophage finish replicating in cyanobacteria, they produce the cyanophage lysozyme to lyse the cyanobacterial cell wall to get out. Through protein blasting of the cyanophage lysozyme, we found its structural similarity and homogeneity with multiple other peptidoglycan binding proteins and even a type of peptidoglycan domain protein from cyanobacterium Nostoc, and this implies the working mechanism of this lysozyme is similar to other lysozyme and is somewhat specific to cyanobacterial peptidoglycan.</p>
 +
</html>
 +
===Application===
 +
 +
We intend to use lysozyme gene to lyse cyanoabacteria which has unusually thick and complex cell wall. The cyanobacterium has a much thicker peptidoglycan layer and a unique external layer containing an S-layer and exopolysaccharide. In our experiment, we easily mix Bugbuster and expressed protein in order to fully lyse cyanobacteria cell wall
 +
 +
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4478636/bin/13036_2015_7_Fig1_HTML.jpg
 +
 +
===Our Experience===
 +
<html>
 +
 +
<p>We successfully infused lysozyme gene with pSB1C3 backbone and transformed it into DH5 alpha E.coli in order to get plasmids. Then we transform extracted plasmids into BL21 E.coli in order to culture abundant E.coli and expressed proteins which contain our target gene. Moreover, we purified proteins through Ni-NTA column. Finally, we used our expressed proteins in  cyanobacteria lysis reaction</p>
 +
 +
<img src ="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/4e/T--SBS_SH_112144--fused_tagged_lysozyme.png" width=800 height=400/>
 +
 +
<h4>Protocol:</h4>
 +
<p> 1. Amplify target gene and pSB1C3 backbone </p>
 +
<p>2. Gel electrophoresis to verify the existence of amplified gene</p>
 +
<p>2. Infusion of backbone and target gene</p>
 +
<p>3. Transformation and single colony selection</p>
 +
<p>4. Inoculation in liquid LB culture</p>
 +
<p>5. Bacteria PCR to verify the existence of amplified gene</p>
 +
<p>6. Extraction of plasmids and transformation into BL-21 E.coli</p>
 +
<p>7.  Growth of E.coli</p>
 +
<p>8. Protein Purification</p>
 +
 +
 +
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2018/4/4a/T--SBS_SH_112144--Cyanobacteria12_.jpg" width=600 height=500
 +
 +
<p></p>
 +
<h4>Functional Test:</h4>
 +
<p>1. Cyanobacterial bacteria lysis reaction.</p>
 +
<p>2. In a microfuge tube, take 300uL cyanobacteria with a OD660nm absorbance of 1.5.</p>
 +
<p>3. Centrifuge and take out all the supernatant.</p>
 +
<p>4. Add 30uL Bugbuster, 30uL of pH buffer(dependent on pH), 60uL of enzyme solution(made previously according to different protein concentration requirement), and 180uL of water.</p>
 +
<p>5. React different tubes in  shaker under different temperatures(according to different temperature requirement) for a 0.5,1,1.5 or 2 hours(depends on different reaction time requirement.</p>
 +
<p>6. Take out the microfuge tube, centrifuge for 10 minutes at 14500 rpm.</p>
 +
<p>7. Take out 270uL of the supernatant to test the OD660nm light absorbance.</p>
 +
 +
</html>
 +
 +
 +
===Source===
 +
This cyanophage lysozyme is discovered by Heideburg et al in Yellowstone National Park {Heideburg:2009hb} among 29 lysozyme family.
 +
 +
===Reference===
 +
Jensen HB, Kleppe K: Effect of ionic strength, pH, amines and divalent cations on the lytic activity of T4 lysozyme. Eur J Biochem 1972, 28:116–122.
 +
 +
Kunal Mehta, Niklaus Evitt, James Swartz: Chemical Lysis of Cyanobacteria. Journal of Biological Engineer, 9/10/2015
  
  

Revision as of 20:48, 17 October 2018


fused lysozyme gene with 6x His tag

Description: Our composite part within prefix and suffix consists of the most commonly used promoter, RBS, 6x histag and terminator, as well as our functional coding sequence --- cyanophage lysozyme gene. This composite part is assembled through Gibson Assembly; then, it is fused with linearized vector, pSB1C3 backbone, via infusion. Ultimately, we successfully extract plasmids which contain our target gene from transformed bacteria. Furthermore, we purposely add 6x histag into our sequence in order to improve the efficacy and efficiency of expression and purification; it will also strengthen effects of binding to Ni-NTA column, making it possible to immobilize proteins and lyse cyanobacteria repeatedly in our prototype device.

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 7
    Illegal NheI site found at 30
  • 21
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

Introduction

1. The aspartic and glutamic acid residues at the active site of the lysozyme would wrap around the glycosidic bond between 6 carbon conponent N-acetylmuramic acid （NAM）and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) of the carbohydrate section of the peptidoglycan. The carboxyl group on the aspartic acid attacks the carbon on NAM, attaching the aspartic acid to the NAM. Meanwhile, an oxygen on the NAG would pick up the hydrogen proton on the glutamic acid, deprotonating the glutamic acid into a glutamate.

2. The lysis of lysozyme has to take place in aqueous environment. The addition of a water molecule would complete the hydrolysis reaction by protonating the glutamate back to glutamic acid; it would also deprotonate the aspartic acid from the NAM, restoring it back to its reduced form, while leaving a hydroxyl group on the end of NAM. This way, the lysozyme would keep its own structure unchanged while degrading the carbohydrate section of the peptidoglycan into the NAM/NAG components.

Design Notes

We directly copy the sequence from the previous experiment by Kunal Mehta, Niklaus Evitt and James Swartz. However, since it has the unexpected restriction sites, we have replaced them with corresponding code.

Our cp-OS lysozyme 1 is a form of bacteriophage lysozyme that exists in virus. Once the cyanophage finish replicating in cyanobacteria, they produce the cyanophage lysozyme to lyse the cyanobacterial cell wall to get out. Through protein blasting of the cyanophage lysozyme, we found its structural similarity and homogeneity with multiple other peptidoglycan binding proteins and even a type of peptidoglycan domain protein from cyanobacterium Nostoc, and this implies the working mechanism of this lysozyme is similar to other lysozyme and is somewhat specific to cyanobacterial peptidoglycan.

Application

We intend to use lysozyme gene to lyse cyanoabacteria which has unusually thick and complex cell wall. The cyanobacterium has a much thicker peptidoglycan layer and a unique external layer containing an S-layer and exopolysaccharide. In our experiment, we easily mix Bugbuster and expressed protein in order to fully lyse cyanobacteria cell wall

13036_2015_7_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Our Experience

We successfully infused lysozyme gene with pSB1C3 backbone and transformed it into DH5 alpha E.coli in order to get plasmids. Then we transform extracted plasmids into BL21 E.coli in order to culture abundant E.coli and expressed proteins which contain our target gene. Moreover, we purified proteins through Ni-NTA column. Finally, we used our expressed proteins in cyanobacteria lysis reaction

Protocol:

1. Amplify target gene and pSB1C3 backbone

2. Gel electrophoresis to verify the existence of amplified gene

2. Infusion of backbone and target gene

3. Transformation and single colony selection

4. Inoculation in liquid LB culture

5. Bacteria PCR to verify the existence of amplified gene

6. Extraction of plasmids and transformation into BL-21 E.coli

7. Growth of E.coli

8. Protein Purification

Functional Test:

1. Cyanobacterial bacteria lysis reaction.

2. In a microfuge tube, take 300uL cyanobacteria with a OD660nm absorbance of 1.5.

3. Centrifuge and take out all the supernatant.

4. Add 30uL Bugbuster, 30uL of pH buffer(dependent on pH), 60uL of enzyme solution(made previously according to different protein concentration requirement), and 180uL of water.

5. React different tubes in shaker under different temperatures(according to different temperature requirement) for a 0.5,1,1.5 or 2 hours(depends on different reaction time requirement.

6. Take out the microfuge tube, centrifuge for 10 minutes at 14500 rpm.

7. Take out 270uL of the supernatant to test the OD660nm light absorbance.


Source

This cyanophage lysozyme is discovered by Heideburg et al in Yellowstone National Park {Heideburg:2009hb} among 29 lysozyme family.

Reference

Jensen HB, Kleppe K: Effect of ionic strength, pH, amines and divalent cations on the lytic activity of T4 lysozyme. Eur J Biochem 1972, 28:116–122.

Kunal Mehta, Niklaus Evitt, James Swartz: Chemical Lysis of Cyanobacteria. Journal of Biological Engineer, 9/10/2015