Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K2571005"

Revision as of 07:52, 12 October 2018

Bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/Glutathione synthetase

Usage and Biology

Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that has a sulfur compound; a tripeptide composed of three amino acids (cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid) and a non-protein thiol (Pizzorno, 2014; Lu, 2013). GSH is generally found in the thiol-reduced from which is crucial for detoxification of ROS and free radicals which cause oxidative stress (Lu, 2013; Burton & Jauniaux, 2011).

Reactive Oxygen Species are dangerous substances that distort protein based matters by taking electrons (Lu, 2013). The chemical structure of the protein-based substances are altered and become dysfunctional because of ROS (Lu, 2013; Burton & Jauniaux, 2011). Furthermore, one of the most significant protein-based substance, DNA get attacked by OH radicals (Burton & Jauniaux, 2011). However, the reduced form GSH can protect the chemical structure of the proteins by giving extra electrons to the ROS and free radicals (Lu, 2013). This is accomplished by GSH peroxidase-catalyzed reactions (Lu, 2013).

Source:

Gene: GSH

Protein: Bifunctional gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase

Organism: Streptococcus Thermophilus (SIIM B218)

3D protein structure of Bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase, METU_HS_Ankara, 2018

Figure represents the predicted three-dimensional structure Bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase from Streptococcus Thermophilus . The protein structure of Bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase was constructed by using Amber 14. It is demonstrated in the ribbon diagram which is done by interpolating a smooth curve through the polypeptide backbone. The colors indicate the amino acids in the protein structure. While constructing, the codon bias rule is obeyed to express the enzyme in Escherichia Coli KO11.

Our circuit design for GSH gene

Our circuit consists of prefix, a strong promoter (J23100), RBS (B0034), GSH as protein coding region, double terminator (B0015) and suffix. This part enables our E. coli KO11 strain to overexpress oxidised Glutathione to reduce oxidative stress, increasing its lifespan. (Lu, 2013) Our construct is inserted into pSB1C3 and delivered to the Registry.

Circuit design of BBa_K2571005. Our construct includes a strong promoter,RBS, GSH and double terminator.

In order to make our gene compatible with RFC 10, 25 and 1000, we reconstructed the nucleotides to get rid of the restriction sites while protecting the amino acid sequence. We looked through the codon bias property of E.coli and made the nucleotide changes accordingly.

Because Glutathione prevents the ROS from harming the bacteria, in high glutathione concentration increase in cell mass was observed. In brief, when glutathione concentration increases, the specific cell growth rate also increases and we observe increase in number of bacteria compared to the bacteria without GSH gene (Kim & Hahn , 2013).

Gel Characterization

GSH composite part is inserted into the pSB1C3 backbone. The construct in pSB1C3 is for submission to the registry and is cultivated in DH5 alpha.

BBa_K2571005 check with GSH specific primers. Expected band length: 225 bp. Last six wells show positive results.

We’ve inserted the GSH composite part to pSB1C3 backbone. Then, we’ve transformed the construct for submission, BBa_K2571005, (in pSB1C3) to DH5 alpha and conducted colony PCR. We’ve made the PCR with GSH specific primers and expected to see a result of 225 bp. PCR Results of our GSH part with GSH left and GSH right primers. By showing the band we expected, 225 bp, PCR confirmation for our insertion proved right.

GSH left and right primers are shown as below:

GSH left: TCGGAGGCTAAAACTCAGGA

GSH right: GTGGGCAGTCCAGTCGTAAT

References

Ask, M., Mapelli, V., Höck, H., Olsson, L., Bettiga, M. (2013) Engineering glutathione biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases robustness to inhibitors in pretreated lignocellulosic materials. Microbial Cell Factories. 12:87 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3817835/

Burton, G. J., & Jauniaux, E. (2011). Oxidative stress. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 25(3), 287–299. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016

Lu, S. C. (2013). GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1830(5), 3143–3153. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.008

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=124886, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/124886 (accessed July 18, 2018). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/124886#section=Top

Patrick, L. (2003). Mercury Toxicity and Antioxidants: Part I: Role of Glutathione and alpha-Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Mercury Toxicity. Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic.(7). 456-471. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10980025_Mercury_Toxicity_and_Antioxidants_Part_I_Role_of_Glutathione_and_alpha-Lipoic_Acid_in_the_Treatment_of_Mercury_Toxicity

Pizzorno, J. (2014). Glutathione! Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 13(1), 8–12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684116/

Sequence and Features