Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K2433000"
 
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ietA is the gene encoding the antitoxin in the toxin antitoxin system ietAS native to tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The ietAS operon was given its name after the incompatibility enhancer of the Ti plasmid. This part comes from the nopaline type Ti plasmid pTiC58. In combination with the toxin gene, this part has been shown in literature to be important in reducing the transconjugant efficiency for different incoming Ti plasmids as well as contributing to the stability of plasmids harboring this construct.  
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<i>ietA</i> is the gene encoding the antitoxin in the toxin antitoxin system <i>ietAS</i> native to tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The <i>ietAS</i> operon was given its name after the incompatibility enhancer of the Ti plasmid. This part comes from the nopaline type Ti plasmid pTiC58. In combination with the toxin gene, this part has been shown in literature to be important in reducing the transconjugant efficiency for different incoming Ti plasmids as well as contributing to the stability of plasmids harboring this construct.  
  
 
Data base searches have shown that IetA is similar in structure to AAA-ATPases. IetA is considered to be a type II antitoxin, which are small, unstable proteins. While unstable, antitoxins are expressed at higher levels than their cognate toxins. The antitoxin neutralizes the effect of the toxin on the host cell by forming a protein complex.  
 
Data base searches have shown that IetA is similar in structure to AAA-ATPases. IetA is considered to be a type II antitoxin, which are small, unstable proteins. While unstable, antitoxins are expressed at higher levels than their cognate toxins. The antitoxin neutralizes the effect of the toxin on the host cell by forming a protein complex.  
  
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When a plasmid loses its toxin/antitoxin construct, antitoxin levels become depleted due to rapid degradation by proteases. This enables the toxin to exert its toxicity on the host cell, inhibiting growth. Hence, the survival of cells containing the ietAS system is dependant on the presence and functionality of the ietA.
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When a plasmid loses its toxin/antitoxin construct, antitoxin levels become depleted due to rapid degradation by proteases. This enables the toxin to exert its toxicity on the host cell, inhibiting growth. Hence, the survival of cells containing the <i>ietAS</i> system is dependant on the presence and functionality of the <i>ietA</i>.
  
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ietAS was shown to enhance the incompatibility and stability of the Ti plasmid in <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>, however, the presence of ietAS showed no effect when tested in <i>E. coli</i>. (Yamamoto et al., 2009)
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<i>ietAS</i> was shown to enhance the incompatibility and stability of the Ti plasmid in <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>, however, the presence of <i>ietAS</i> showed no effect when tested in <i>E. coli</i>. (Yamamoto et al., 2009)
  
  
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<big>References</big>
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<br>
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Melderen, L. V., & Bast, M. S. (2009). Bacterial Toxin–Antitoxin Systems: More Than Selfish Entities? PLoS Genetics, 5(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000437
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<br>
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Unterholzner, S. J., Poppenberger, B., & Rozhon, W. (2013). Toxin–antitoxin systems: Biology, identification, and application. Mobile Genetic Elements, 3(5), e26219. http://doi.org/10.4161/mge.26219
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<br>
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Yamamoto, S., Kiyokawa, K., Tanaka, K., Moriguchi, K., & Suzuki, K. (2009). Novel Toxin-Antitoxin System Composed of Serine Protease and AAA-ATPase Homologues Determines the High Level of Stability and Incompatibility of the Tumor-Inducing Plasmid pTiC58. Journal of Bacteriology, 191(14), 4656-4666. doi:10.1128/jb.00124-09
  
  

Latest revision as of 02:21, 2 November 2017


ietA


ietA is the gene encoding the antitoxin in the toxin antitoxin system ietAS native to tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The ietAS operon was given its name after the incompatibility enhancer of the Ti plasmid. This part comes from the nopaline type Ti plasmid pTiC58. In combination with the toxin gene, this part has been shown in literature to be important in reducing the transconjugant efficiency for different incoming Ti plasmids as well as contributing to the stability of plasmids harboring this construct.

Data base searches have shown that IetA is similar in structure to AAA-ATPases. IetA is considered to be a type II antitoxin, which are small, unstable proteins. While unstable, antitoxins are expressed at higher levels than their cognate toxins. The antitoxin neutralizes the effect of the toxin on the host cell by forming a protein complex.

When a plasmid loses its toxin/antitoxin construct, antitoxin levels become depleted due to rapid degradation by proteases. This enables the toxin to exert its toxicity on the host cell, inhibiting growth. Hence, the survival of cells containing the ietAS system is dependant on the presence and functionality of the ietA.

ietAS was shown to enhance the incompatibility and stability of the Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, the presence of ietAS showed no effect when tested in E. coli. (Yamamoto et al., 2009)


References
Melderen, L. V., & Bast, M. S. (2009). Bacterial Toxin–Antitoxin Systems: More Than Selfish Entities? PLoS Genetics, 5(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000437
Unterholzner, S. J., Poppenberger, B., & Rozhon, W. (2013). Toxin–antitoxin systems: Biology, identification, and application. Mobile Genetic Elements, 3(5), e26219. http://doi.org/10.4161/mge.26219
Yamamoto, S., Kiyokawa, K., Tanaka, K., Moriguchi, K., & Suzuki, K. (2009). Novel Toxin-Antitoxin System Composed of Serine Protease and AAA-ATPase Homologues Determines the High Level of Stability and Incompatibility of the Tumor-Inducing Plasmid pTiC58. Journal of Bacteriology, 191(14), 4656-4666. doi:10.1128/jb.00124-09



Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
    Illegal NheI site found at 1
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BamHI site found at 737
    Illegal XhoI site found at 659
    Illegal XhoI site found at 989
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
  • 1000
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
    Illegal BsaI site found at 49
    Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 836
    Illegal SapI.rc site found at 373