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Revision as of 15:42, 17 October 2014

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)


The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR; EC 1.1.1.219) from the plant Dianthus caryophyllus is an enzyme, catalyzing the reversible conversion of dihydroflavonols e.g. dihydro-kaempferol or dihydroquercetin into their corresponding leucoanthocyanidin. This reaction is NADPH-dependent (Liew et al. 1998) but its counter reaction can also occur with NAD+ instead of NADP+ (Queen Mary University of London 2014). DFR contains 353 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 39.4 kDa.

The iGEM Team TU Darmstadt 2014 used the DFR in combination with the B0034-RBS and verified the function of the DFR in their pelargonidin operon (K1497023).

Figure 1 Reaction of the DFR. One Dihydroflavonol reacts with NADPH to form a leucoanthocyanidin. The reverse reaction works with NAD+ or NADP+.

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BamHI site found at 330
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal AgeI site found at 82
  • 1000
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]
    Illegal BsaI.rc site found at 67



References

1. Petit P, Granier T, d’Estaintot BL, et al. (2007) Crystal structure of grape dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. Journal of molecular biology 368:1345–57. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.02.088

2. Gollop R, Even S, Colova-tsolova V, et al. (2002) Expression of the grape dihydroflavonol reductase gene and analysis of its promoter region 1. 53:1397–1409.

3. Liew C, Loh C, Goh C, Lim S (1998) The isolation , molecular characterization and expression of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA in the orchid , Bromheadia. 135:161–169.