Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K1065002"

 
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<partinfo>BBa_K1065002 short</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K1065002 short</partinfo>
  
<html>2-oxoglutarate oxygenase/decarboxylase is an Ethylene Forming Enzyme (EFE) that catalyze Ethylene biosynthesis from 2-oxoglutarate. This enzyme was firstly purified  from <I>Pseudomonas Siringae</I> pv. <I>phaseolicola</I> PK2, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent ethylene producing bacterium <a href="#ref1" id="ret_ref1">[1]</a>. <br/> This part was cloned by the iGEM Trento 2013 team for the creation of an aerobically engineered pathway for the control of fruit ripening. The part has been successfully operated while controlled by AraC-pBAD in pSB1C3 (BBa_K1065001) using <i>E.coli</i> as chassis. Further information about this part and its characterization can be found in the <a href="http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento">iGEM Trento 2013 wiki</a>.
+
<html>2-oxoglutarate oxygenase/decarboxylase is an Ethylene Forming Enzyme (EFE) that catalyzes Ethylene biosynthesis from 2-oxoglutarate. This enzyme was first purified  from <I>Pseudomonas Siringae</I> pv. <I>phaseolicola</I> PK2, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent ethylene producing bacterium <a href="#ref1" id="ret_ref1">[1]</a>. <br/> This part was cloned by the iGEM Trento 2013 team for the creation of an aerobically engineered pathway for the control of fruit ripening. The part has been successfully operated while controlled by AraC-pBAD in pSB1C3 (BBa_K1065001) using <i>E.coli</i> as a chassis. Further information about this part and its characterization can be found in the <a href="http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento">iGEM Trento 2013 wiki</a>.
<br/><h3 style="margin-bottom:10px;">Please note that this part has a modified Prefix and Suffix compatible to RFC25 (Freiburg Assembly). Check the design section for more information.</h3></html>
+
<br/><h3 style="margin-bottom:10px;">Please note that this part has a modified Prefix and Suffix compatible with RFC25 (Freiburg Assembly). Check the design section for more information.</h3></html>
  
 
<!-- Add more about the biology of this part here-->
 
<!-- Add more about the biology of this part here-->
 
===Usage and Biology===
 
===Usage and Biology===
 
<html>
 
<html>
The enzyme was thoroughly studied by many reasearch groups. It was purified and characterized with an <i>in vitro</i> test <a href="#ref2" id="ret_ref2">[2]</a>. It was then transformed and ectopically expressed in <i>E.coli</i> <a href="#ref3" id="ret_ref3">[3]</a> and in <i>Synecocystis sp</i> <a href="#ref4" id="ret_ref4">[4]</a>.<br/>
+
The enzyme was thoroughly studied by many research groups. It was purified and characterized using an <i>in vitro</i> test <a href="#ref2" id="ret_ref2">[2]</a>. It was then transformed and ectopically expressed in <i>E.coli</i> <a href="#ref3" id="ret_ref3">[3]</a> and in <i>Synecocystis</i> sp <a href="#ref4" id="ret_ref4">[4]</a>.<br/>
 
</html>
 
</html>
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
 
<html>
 
<html>
This part produces ethylene, a compound that can be inflammable at a concentration between 2.7 to 36%. We characterized this part under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter. With a air volume/culture volume ratio = 4, we detected about 200 ppm of Ethylene. This concentration is not dangerous and not inflammable. However we suggest to manage this part carefully. (See <a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065001">BBa_K1065001</a> for more details.)  
+
 
 +
This part produces Ethylene, a compound that is inflammable at a concentration ranging from 2.7% to 36%. We characterized this part under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter. With an air volume/culture volume ratio of 4, about 200 ppm (0.02%) of Ethylene was detected by gas chromatography. This concentration is thus much lower than the inflammability threshold of Ethylene. However, we suggest to use this part carefully and to make all manipulations of open cultures under a chemical hood. (See <a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065001">BBa_K1065001</a> for more details.)  
  
 
</html>
 
</html>
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===Characterization===
 
===Characterization===
 
<html>
 
<html>
This part was characterized with with two different inducible systems in Neb10beta cells:<br/>
+
This part was characterized with two different inducible systems in Neb10&beta; cells:<br/>
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li>under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter inducible by arabinose (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065001">BBa_K1065001</a>;</li>
+
<li>under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter inducible by arabinose (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065001">BBa_K1065001</a>)</li>
 
<li>under the control of a photoinducible circuit (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065311">BBa_K1065311</a>).</li>
 
<li>under the control of a photoinducible circuit (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065311">BBa_K1065311</a>).</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</html>
 
</html>
===EFE characterization with AraC-pBAD promoter===
+
 
 +
===EFE characterization in Neb10&beta; cells===
  
 
<html>
 
<html>
 
<center><img style="width:800px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/6f/Tn-20130627-Efe_Toxicity_test-PLOT.png"></center>
 
<center><img style="width:800px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/6f/Tn-20130627-Efe_Toxicity_test-PLOT.png"></center>
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 1 Effect of EFE on cell growth</b>. Cell density was measured at different time points to determine the effect of EFE expression. Cells were grown at 37 °C in LB until it was reached an OD of 0.6. The cells were then splitted in four samples of equal volume. Two samples were then induced with 5 mM Arabinose. Induced samples show a slowed growth rate,
+
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 1</b> Effect of EFE on cell growth. Cell density was measured at different time points to determine the effect of EFE expression. Neb10&beta; cells were grown at 37 °C in LB until an OD of 0.6. The cultures were then split in four samples of equal volume, and two samples were induced with 5 mM Arabinose. Induced samples show a slowed growth rate. This was expected as 5mM arabinose is considered a strong induction that causes moderate stress on cells.  
as espected (5mM arabinose is a strong induction that causes stress on cells). However, cell growth is not completely inhibited so EFE is not highly toxic</p></center>
+
</p></center>
 
<h3>Ethylene detection through Micro Gas-Chromatography</h3><br/>
 
<h3>Ethylene detection through Micro Gas-Chromatography</h3><br/>
 
<center><img style="width:800px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/c/c4/Tn-2013_ETH_detection.jpg"></center>
 
<center><img style="width:800px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/c/c4/Tn-2013_ETH_detection.jpg"></center>
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 2</b> Ethylene detection with an Agilent 3000 Micro GC set up with a plot U column. Cells were grown until O.D.600 reached 0.5. The cells were then splitted in two samples of equal volume (3 ml) and putted into an hermetically closed vial with a septum with a rubber cap. One of the two sample was induced with 5 mM Arabinose. The vials were left in the thermoshaker for 4 hours. After that, the vials were connected to a micro GC and a measure was taken. Panel A: a 1.5 ml sample induced (green curve) and 3 ml sample induced (red curve) showed a characteristic peak corresponding to Ethylene. On the other hand, the 3 ml not induced sample (blue curve) didn't show the peak. Ethylene was estimated to be 61 ± 15 ppm for the 1.5 ml culture and 101 ± 15 ppm for the 3 ml culture. Panel B: picture of the vial connected to the micro GC.</p></center>
+
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 2</b> Ethylene detection using an Agilent 3000 Micro GC set up with a plot U column. Neb10&beta; cells were grown until an OD of 0.5. The culture was then split in two samples of equal volume (3 ml) and placed into an hermetically closed vial with a septum and a rubber cap. One of the two samples was induced with 5 mM arabinose. The vials were kept at 37&deg;C under shaking for 4 hours. The vials were then connected to the Micro GC and measurements were performed. Panel A: induced 1.5 ml sample (green curve) and 3 ml sample (red curve) showed a characteristic peak corresponding to Ethylene. On the other hand, the 3 ml non-induced sample (blue curve) didn't show the Ethylene peak. Ethylene concentration was estimated to be 61 &plusmn; 15 ppm for the 1.5 ml culture and 101 &plusmn; 15 ppm for the 3 ml culture. Panel B: picture of the vial connected to the micro GC.</p></center>
  
 
<h3>Kinetic assay for Ethylene production</h3>
 
<h3>Kinetic assay for Ethylene production</h3>
 
<center><img style="width:800px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/00/Tn-2013_kinetic_EFE_plot-2.png"></center>
 
<center><img style="width:800px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/0/00/Tn-2013_kinetic_EFE_plot-2.png"></center>
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 3</b> Kinetic assay for Ethylene production. Cells were grown until an O.D. of 0.5 - 0.8 and then connected to the micro GC, while in agitation on a thermoblock at 37 &deg;C for the entire duration of the experiment. Every 45/60 mins a meausure was taken for a total of about 8 hours. Samples were induced at two differents O.D.600 and this had big effect on the amount of ethylene produced. However, it seems that the Ethylene concentration in the air space reached saturation after only two hours. The red dashed line indicates the amount of ethylene detected with a culture left in the thermoshaker for the all duration of the experiment and subjected to only one measurement. As expected an higher value of ethylene was measured due to the minimal gas loss with this approach.</p></center></html>
+
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 3</b> Kinetic assay for Ethylene production. Neb10&beta; cells were grown in agitation on a thermostatic block at 37 &deg;C until an OD of 0.5 - 0.8 and then connected to the Micro GC. Every 45-60 min a measure was taken for a total experiment time of about 8 hours. Samples were induced at two different OD and this had a marked effect on the amount of Ethylene produced. However, it seems that the Ethylene concentration in the air volume reached saturation after only two hours. The red dashed line indicates the amount of Ethylene detected with a culture left in the shaking incubator for the entire duration of the experiment and subjected to only one measurement. As expected, an higher concentration of Ethylene was measured due to the minimal gas loss using this approach.
 
+
===EFE characterization with a photoinducble circuit===
+
<html>
+
We characterized this part (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065311">BBa_K1065311</a>) in E. coli using cells NEB10b and have preliminary results.
+
 
+
<center><img style="width:500px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/7/7e/Tn-2013Pelletts.png"></center>
+
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify">
+
<b>Frigure 5 Cells transformed with BBa_K1065311: pellets after induction time.</b>
+
We induced cultures snice O.D. reached 0.7 for about 10 hours with a blue LED (2) instead the control (1) was covered with aluminum foil and taken in complete darkness. we can notice a substantial difference between pelletts' colors. AmilCP production probably reflects ethylene synthesis (not measured yet). We are in the process of characterizing this part more properly and getting some gas-chromatographic.
+
 
</p></center>
 
</p></center>
 
We are in the process of acquiring gas-chromatocgraohic measurements in order to test light dependent EFE production. Up to now, we were only able to observe amilCP production upon blue light illumination: since the blue reporter correctly appeared only in the induced control, we think that ethylene could be properly detected.
 
<br/><br/>
 
  
 
<h3>Acceleration of fruit ripening</h3>
 
<h3>Acceleration of fruit ripening</h3>
  
<h4><center>This device was used for accelerating fruit ripening. Many type of fruit were tested and ripened successfully. For more information and details please visit the <a href="http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento/Project/Fruit_ripening">UNITN wiki page </a>.</center></h4>
+
<h4><center>This device was used for accelerating fruit ripening. Many types of fruit were tested and ripened successfully. For more information and details please visit the <a href="http://2013.igem.org/Team:UNITN-Trento/Project/Fruit_ripening">UNITN wiki page </a>.</center></h4>
  
 
<center><img style="width:600px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/64/Tn-2013_Application_on_fruit_for_part_wiki.jpg"></center>
 
<center><img style="width:600px" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/6/64/Tn-2013_Application_on_fruit_for_part_wiki.jpg"></center>
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 4</b> Acceleration of fruit ripening. Panel A: our system was exploited for the acceleration of fruit ripening. We designed an hermetically closed jar with a rubber hose connector. These jars contained our test-fruit and each one was connected to a flask. The flasks contained 300 ml of induced (or not) culture when O.D.600 reached 0.8. The flasks contained a cultures maintained at 37 °C using a laboratory heating plate while stirring. For four to six days, every morning the culture in the flasks was substituted with a new induced (or not) culture. Furthermore, non-modified jars (i.e.: with no connector) were adopted to contain the negative control fruit samples (no-cells). Panel B: ripening of plums. Plum exposed to ethylene, show a more advanced stage of ripening after 4 days of treatment when compared to two negative controls (no-cells and BBa_K1065001 not induced).</p></center>
+
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify"><b>Figure 4</b> Acceleration of fruit ripening. Panel A: our system was applied to the acceleration of fruit ripening. We designed hermetically closed jars with a rubber hose connector. These jars contained our test-fruit and each one was connected to a flask. The flasks contained 300 ml of induced (or non-induced) culture at an OD of 0.8. The flasks contained cultures were maintained at 37&deg;C using a laboratory heating plate with a magnetic stirrer. During four to six days, cultures were substituted on a daily basis with a new induced (or non-induced) culture. Furthermore, non-modified jars (i.e. with no connector) were used for the negative control fruit samples (no cells sample). Panel B: ripening of plums. Plums exposed to Ethylene show a more advanced stage of ripening after 4 days of treatment respect to the negative controls (no cells and non- induced BBa_K1065001).</p></center>
  
 
</html>
 
</html>
  
 +
===EFE characterization with a photoinducble circuit===
 +
<html>
 +
This part was also added at the end of a blue light circuit that was built by the UNITN-Trento 2013 team (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065310">BBa_K1065310</a>).
 +
We preliminarily characterized this part (<a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K1065311">BBa_K1065311</a>) in <i>E. coli</i> using cells NEB10&beta; cells.
 +
 +
<center><img style="width:500px;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2013/7/7e/Tn-2013Pelletts.png"></center>
 +
<center><p style="width:600px; margin-bottom:60px; text-align:justify">
 +
<b>Figure 5 Neb10&beta; cells transformed with BBa_K1065311: pellets after induction time.</b>
 +
Cultures at an OD of 0.7 were exposed to a blue LED (470 nm) for about 10 hours (2).  Control sample (1) was covered with an aluminum foil and maintained in complete darkness. A substantial difference between pellets' coloration can be observed. AmilCP production probably indicates that also Ethylene would be produced.
 +
</p></center>
  
 +
We are in the process of characterizing this part by gas chromatography in order to test light-dependent ethylene production. Up to now, we reported amilCP production upon blue light exposure. Given that the blue reporter appeared only in the induced sample, we think that Ethylene would be properly produced.
 +
<br/><br/></html>
  
 
<!-- -->
 
<!-- -->
Line 68: Line 70:
 
===References===
 
===References===
 
<html><ol>
 
<html><ol>
<li>Goto M, Shiday I, Akitaway T, Hyodoh, (1985). Ethylene production by the Kudzu strains of <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>phaseolicola</I> causing halo blight in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi. Plant and Cell Physiology 26, 141-150.</li>
+
<li><a id="ref1"></a>Goto M, Shiday I, Akitaway T, Hyodoh, (1985). Ethylene production by the Kudzu strains of <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>phaseolicola</I> causing halo blight in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi. Plant and Cell Physiology 26, 141-150.</li>
<li>Nagahama K, Ogawa T, Fujii T, Tazaki M, Tanase S, et al. (1991) Purification and properties of an ethylene-forming enzyme from <I>Pseudomonas syringae </I>pv.<I> phaseolicola</I> PK2. Journal of General Microbiology 137: 2281–2286.</li>
+
<li><a id="ref2"></a>Nagahama K, Ogawa T, Fujii T, Tazaki M, Tanase S, et al. (1991) Purification and properties of an ethylene-forming enzyme from <I>Pseudomonas syringae </I>pv.<I> phaseolicola</I> PK2. Journal of General Microbiology 137: 2281–2286.</li>
<li>Fukuda H, Ogawa T, Ishihara K, Fujii T, Nagahama K, et al. (1992) Molecular cloning in Escherichia coli, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme of <I>Pseudomonas syringae </I>pv.<I> phaseolicola</I> PK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188: 826–832.</li>
+
<li><a id="ref3"></a>Fukuda H, Ogawa T, Ishihara K, Fujii T, Nagahama K, et al. (1992) Molecular cloning in Escherichia coli, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme of <I>Pseudomonas syringae </I>pv.<I> phaseolicola</I> PK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188: 826–832.</li>
<li>Guerrero F, Carbonell. V., Cossu M, Correddu D, Jones PR (2012) Ethylene Synthesis and Regulated Expression of Recombinant Protein in <I>Synechocystis sp.</I> PCC 6803. PLoS ONE 7(11): e50470.</li>
+
<li><a id="ref4"></a>Guerrero F, Carbonell. V., Cossu M, Correddu D, Jones PR (2012) Ethylene Synthesis and Regulated Expression of Recombinant Protein in <I>Synechocystis sp.</I> PCC 6803. PLoS ONE 7(11): e50470.</li>
 
</ol></html>
 
</ol></html>
 
<!-- Uncomment this to enable Functional Parameter display  
 
<!-- Uncomment this to enable Functional Parameter display  

Latest revision as of 22:45, 4 October 2013

EFE + Terminators

2-oxoglutarate oxygenase/decarboxylase is an Ethylene Forming Enzyme (EFE) that catalyzes Ethylene biosynthesis from 2-oxoglutarate. This enzyme was first purified from Pseudomonas Siringae pv. phaseolicola PK2, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent ethylene producing bacterium [1].
This part was cloned by the iGEM Trento 2013 team for the creation of an aerobically engineered pathway for the control of fruit ripening. The part has been successfully operated while controlled by AraC-pBAD in pSB1C3 (BBa_K1065001) using E.coli as a chassis. Further information about this part and its characterization can be found in the iGEM Trento 2013 wiki.

Please note that this part has a modified Prefix and Suffix compatible with RFC25 (Freiburg Assembly). Check the design section for more information.

Usage and Biology

The enzyme was thoroughly studied by many research groups. It was purified and characterized using an in vitro test [2]. It was then transformed and ectopically expressed in E.coli [3] and in Synecocystis sp [4].

Safety

This part produces Ethylene, a compound that is inflammable at a concentration ranging from 2.7% to 36%. We characterized this part under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter. With an air volume/culture volume ratio of 4, about 200 ppm (0.02%) of Ethylene was detected by gas chromatography. This concentration is thus much lower than the inflammability threshold of Ethylene. However, we suggest to use this part carefully and to make all manipulations of open cultures under a chemical hood. (See BBa_K1065001 for more details.)

Characterization

This part was characterized with two different inducible systems in Neb10β cells:

  • under the control of an AraC-pBAD promoter inducible by arabinose (BBa_K1065001)
  • under the control of a photoinducible circuit (BBa_K1065311).

EFE characterization in Neb10β cells

Figure 1 Effect of EFE on cell growth. Cell density was measured at different time points to determine the effect of EFE expression. Neb10β cells were grown at 37 °C in LB until an OD of 0.6. The cultures were then split in four samples of equal volume, and two samples were induced with 5 mM Arabinose. Induced samples show a slowed growth rate. This was expected as 5mM arabinose is considered a strong induction that causes moderate stress on cells.

Ethylene detection through Micro Gas-Chromatography


Figure 2 Ethylene detection using an Agilent 3000 Micro GC set up with a plot U column. Neb10β cells were grown until an OD of 0.5. The culture was then split in two samples of equal volume (3 ml) and placed into an hermetically closed vial with a septum and a rubber cap. One of the two samples was induced with 5 mM arabinose. The vials were kept at 37°C under shaking for 4 hours. The vials were then connected to the Micro GC and measurements were performed. Panel A: induced 1.5 ml sample (green curve) and 3 ml sample (red curve) showed a characteristic peak corresponding to Ethylene. On the other hand, the 3 ml non-induced sample (blue curve) didn't show the Ethylene peak. Ethylene concentration was estimated to be 61 ± 15 ppm for the 1.5 ml culture and 101 ± 15 ppm for the 3 ml culture. Panel B: picture of the vial connected to the micro GC.

Kinetic assay for Ethylene production

Figure 3 Kinetic assay for Ethylene production. Neb10β cells were grown in agitation on a thermostatic block at 37 °C until an OD of 0.5 - 0.8 and then connected to the Micro GC. Every 45-60 min a measure was taken for a total experiment time of about 8 hours. Samples were induced at two different OD and this had a marked effect on the amount of Ethylene produced. However, it seems that the Ethylene concentration in the air volume reached saturation after only two hours. The red dashed line indicates the amount of Ethylene detected with a culture left in the shaking incubator for the entire duration of the experiment and subjected to only one measurement. As expected, an higher concentration of Ethylene was measured due to the minimal gas loss using this approach.

Acceleration of fruit ripening

This device was used for accelerating fruit ripening. Many types of fruit were tested and ripened successfully. For more information and details please visit the UNITN wiki page .

Figure 4 Acceleration of fruit ripening. Panel A: our system was applied to the acceleration of fruit ripening. We designed hermetically closed jars with a rubber hose connector. These jars contained our test-fruit and each one was connected to a flask. The flasks contained 300 ml of induced (or non-induced) culture at an OD of 0.8. The flasks contained cultures were maintained at 37°C using a laboratory heating plate with a magnetic stirrer. During four to six days, cultures were substituted on a daily basis with a new induced (or non-induced) culture. Furthermore, non-modified jars (i.e. with no connector) were used for the negative control fruit samples (no cells sample). Panel B: ripening of plums. Plums exposed to Ethylene show a more advanced stage of ripening after 4 days of treatment respect to the negative controls (no cells and non- induced BBa_K1065001).

EFE characterization with a photoinducble circuit

This part was also added at the end of a blue light circuit that was built by the UNITN-Trento 2013 team (BBa_K1065310). We preliminarily characterized this part (BBa_K1065311) in E. coli using cells NEB10β cells.

Figure 5 Neb10β cells transformed with BBa_K1065311: pellets after induction time. Cultures at an OD of 0.7 were exposed to a blue LED (470 nm) for about 10 hours (2). Control sample (1) was covered with an aluminum foil and maintained in complete darkness. A substantial difference between pellets' coloration can be observed. AmilCP production probably indicates that also Ethylene would be produced.

We are in the process of characterizing this part by gas chromatography in order to test light-dependent ethylene production. Up to now, we reported amilCP production upon blue light exposure. Given that the blue reporter appeared only in the induced sample, we think that Ethylene would be properly produced.

Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 319
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
    Illegal NgoMIV site found at 17
    Illegal AgeI site found at 1070
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

References

  1. Goto M, Shiday I, Akitaway T, Hyodoh, (1985). Ethylene production by the Kudzu strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola causing halo blight in Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi. Plant and Cell Physiology 26, 141-150.
  2. Nagahama K, Ogawa T, Fujii T, Tazaki M, Tanase S, et al. (1991) Purification and properties of an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2. Journal of General Microbiology 137: 2281–2286.
  3. Fukuda H, Ogawa T, Ishihara K, Fujii T, Nagahama K, et al. (1992) Molecular cloning in Escherichia coli, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the ethylene-forming enzyme of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188: 826–832.
  4. Guerrero F, Carbonell. V., Cossu M, Correddu D, Jones PR (2012) Ethylene Synthesis and Regulated Expression of Recombinant Protein in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLoS ONE 7(11): e50470.