Difference between revisions of "Part:BBa K1150000"
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Cas9 is the main protein of the CRISPR-Cas system of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, which is categorized as CRISPR system type II. Like all other CRISPR systems it protects bacteria (and archaea) from phages by recognizing and cleaving of the invading phage DNA. This recognition is based on Watson Crick base pairing between a short RNA (called crRNA), which is in complex with Cas9, and the target DNA [1].<br>
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dCas9 is  a codon optimized and standardized (RFC 25) protein for human cell lines. Interacting with a DNA-binding RNA and fused with different effector domains it can be used for specific gene regulation.
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Because of the ability to recognize almost every DNA sequenz, Cas9 became of interest for research concerning DNA targeting. At first it was used in combination with the crRNA and a tracrRNA, which is required to form the protein-RNA-complex, to introduce mutations within the genome of several organisms by causing a double strand break [2][3]. After the exchange of an aminoacid Cas9 was converted from a nuclease to a nickase, introducing only single strand breaks [4]; and very recently converted to a enzymaticly inactive form, called dCas9, by another aminoacid exchange [5].<br><br>
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<br>
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The here available dCas9 is codon optimized for human cell lines and standardized (RFC 25). It can be used as a DNA binding protein, that can be fused with different effectors in order to regulate gene expression.
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<br>
 +
Cas9 is the main protein of the CRISPR/Cas system II of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>. CRISPR systems protect bacteria and archaea from phages by recognizing and cleaving of invading phage DNA. This recognition is based on Watson Crick base pairing between a short RNA, called crRNA, and the complementary DNA strand. A second RNA, called tracrRNA, connects crRNA and Cas9. These three parts together form a protein-RNA-DNA complex with the targeted DNA strand [1].<br>
 +
Cas9 became of great interest for research concerning DNA targeting, because of its ability to recognize site specific DNA strands by a crRNA.  
 +
<br>
 +
At first the functionality of Cas9 was modified by exchanging aminoacids. As a result, Cas9 was able to introduce mutations within the genome of several organisms by causing double strand breaks [2][3]. Then, it was converted from a nuclease to a nickase introducing single strand breaks [4] and lately it was converted to an enzymatically inactive form, called dCas9 [5].<br>
 +
This dCas9 is codon optimized for human cell lines and standardized (RFC 25). It can be used as a DNA binding protein, that can be fused with different effectors in order to regulate gene expression.
 +
 
  
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==References==
 
  
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[1] Westra E.R., Swarts D.C., Staals R.H., Jore M.M., Brouns S.J., van der Oost J. (2012). The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Genet. 46, 311-39 <br>
 
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[2] Mali P., Yang L., Esvelt K.M., Aach J., Guell M., DiCarlo J.E., Norville J.E., Church G.M. (2013). RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 339(6121), 823-6 <br>
 
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[3] Jiang W., Bikard D., Cox D., Zhang F., Marraffini L.A. (2013). RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol. 31(3), 233-9 <br>
 
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[4] Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L.A., Zhang, F. (2013). Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems. Science 339 (6121), 819-23 <br>
 
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[5] Qi L.S., Larson M.H., Gilbert L.A., Doudna J.A., Weissman J.S., Arkin A.P., Lim W.A. (2013). Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 152(5), 1173-83
 
  
  
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<partinfo>BBa_K1150000 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
 
<partinfo>BBa_K1150000 SequenceAndFeatures</partinfo>
  
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==References==
 +
 +
[1] Westra E.R., Swarts D.C., Staals R.H., Jore M.M., Brouns S.J., van der Oost J. (2012). The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Genet. 46, 311-39 <br>
 +
[2] Mali P., Yang L., Esvelt K.M., Aach J., Guell M., DiCarlo J.E., Norville J.E., Church G.M. (2013). RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 339(6121), 823-6 <br>
 +
[3] Jiang W., Bikard D., Cox D., Zhang F., Marraffini L.A. (2013). RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol. 31(3), 233-9 <br>
 +
[4] Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L.A., Zhang, F. (2013). Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems. Science 339 (6121), 819-23 <br>
 +
[5] Qi L.S., Larson M.H., Gilbert L.A., Doudna J.A., Weissman J.S., Arkin A.P., Lim W.A. (2013). Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 152(5), 1173-83
  
 
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<!-- Uncomment this to enable Functional Parameter display  

Revision as of 21:20, 3 October 2013

dCas9

dCas9
Function Binding protein
Use in Mammalian cells
RFC standard RFC 25
Backbone pSB1C3
Organism Streptococcus pyogenes
Source Feng Zhang, Addgene
Submitted by [http://2013.igem.org/Team:Freiburg Freiburg 2013]

dCas9 is a codon optimized and standardized (RFC 25) protein for human cell lines. Interacting with a DNA-binding RNA and fused with different effector domains it can be used for specific gene regulation.

Cas9 is the main protein of the CRISPR/Cas system II of Streptococcus pyogenes. CRISPR systems protect bacteria and archaea from phages by recognizing and cleaving of invading phage DNA. This recognition is based on Watson Crick base pairing between a short RNA, called crRNA, and the complementary DNA strand. A second RNA, called tracrRNA, connects crRNA and Cas9. These three parts together form a protein-RNA-DNA complex with the targeted DNA strand [1].
Cas9 became of great interest for research concerning DNA targeting, because of its ability to recognize site specific DNA strands by a crRNA.
At first the functionality of Cas9 was modified by exchanging aminoacids. As a result, Cas9 was able to introduce mutations within the genome of several organisms by causing double strand breaks [2][3]. Then, it was converted from a nuclease to a nickase introducing single strand breaks [4] and lately it was converted to an enzymatically inactive form, called dCas9 [5].
This dCas9 is codon optimized for human cell lines and standardized (RFC 25). It can be used as a DNA binding protein, that can be fused with different effectors in order to regulate gene expression.




Sequence and Features


Assembly Compatibility:
  • 10
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[10]
  • 12
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[12]
  • 21
    INCOMPATIBLE WITH RFC[21]
    Illegal BglII site found at 248
  • 23
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[23]
  • 25
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[25]
  • 1000
    COMPATIBLE WITH RFC[1000]

References

[1] Westra E.R., Swarts D.C., Staals R.H., Jore M.M., Brouns S.J., van der Oost J. (2012). The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Genet. 46, 311-39
[2] Mali P., Yang L., Esvelt K.M., Aach J., Guell M., DiCarlo J.E., Norville J.E., Church G.M. (2013). RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 339(6121), 823-6
[3] Jiang W., Bikard D., Cox D., Zhang F., Marraffini L.A. (2013). RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol. 31(3), 233-9
[4] Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L.A., Zhang, F. (2013). Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems. Science 339 (6121), 819-23
[5] Qi L.S., Larson M.H., Gilbert L.A., Doudna J.A., Weissman J.S., Arkin A.P., Lim W.A. (2013). Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell 152(5), 1173-83